3ALKIN MG. Evaluation roots: tracing theorists' views aud i.flu- ences [ M ]. California : Sage, 2004 : 187.
4McPARLAND M, NOBLE M, LIVINGSTON G. The effectiveness of problem- based learning compared to traditional teaching in un- dergraduate psychiatry [ J ]. Med Educ,2004,38 ( 8 ) : 859 - 867.