1918年大流感爆发传播的原因及启示

Causes and Enlightenment of Influenza Outbreak in 1918

1918年大流感大体可分为三个时段:初发期、高发期、消退期。其特点是症状多样,伤害巨大,传播范围广,致死率高。这是人类历史上的一次巨大灾难。官方对1918大流感死亡人数最保守的估计是2100万,而当时全球人口总数约18亿。此次大流感爆发及迅速传播有特殊社会环境,医疗手段不力,政府措施不当等原因,沉痛的历史教训给我们极大启示,对现代疾病的防控有所裨益。

The 1918 pandemic influenza can be roughly divided into three periods:the initial period,the high incidence period,and the regression period.It is characterized by a variety of symptoms,great harm,wide spread and high mortality.It was a great disas⁃ter in human history.The most conservative official estimate of 1918 flu deaths was 21 million,when the global population was about 1.8 billion.The outbreak and rapid spread of the pandemic was due to a special social environment,inadequate medical means,improp⁃er government measures and other reasons.The painful history lesson gives us great enlightenments,which benefit modern disease pre⁃vention and control.