论文学可能的使命--从善恶的此岸到达善恶的彼岸

On the Possible Mission of Literature——Bridging the Gulf between the Realm of Good and Evil and the Realm beyond Good and Evil

康德认为人分属现象和本体两个难以沟通的世界,他在《判断力批评》中探讨了人的审美判断力和天才的审美理念能力联系两个世界的可能性,提出了建立在二元论基础上的美学思想。别尔嘉耶夫宗教哲学继承了康德的二元论,他强调人在现象世界里体验恶带来的痛苦,指出对现象世界的拯救在本体世界那里。韦勒克认为文学的本质是审美体验,而审美体验是与生命体验相统一的。别尔嘉耶夫关于人的哲学思考和韦勒克关于文学本质的思考均是从康德哲学出发,是对康德思想的进一步发展和丰富,二者可以达成建立在康德哲学基础上的统一。本文通过系统地将康德美学、别尔嘉耶夫宗教哲学和韦勒克文学理论联系起来,推导出文学肩负的使命:从善恶的此岸到达善恶的彼岸。

According to Kant's dualistic philosophy,there is a gulf between the realm of the sensible and the realm of the supersen⁃sible,and there is also the possibility of bridging the two realms with man's aesthetic judgment and genius'faculty of presenting aesthet⁃ic ideas.Berdyaev inherited Kant's dualism.He thinks that in the realm of phenomena,man experiences the pain caused by the evil,and the salvation of the realm of phenomena lies in the world of thing-in-itself.Wellek proclaims that the essence of literature is aes⁃thetic experience,and aesthetic experience is in accordance with life experience.Both Berdyaev's ideas on man and Wellek's ideas on literary essence originate from,and further develop and enrich Kant's philosophy,and can reach an unification based on Kant's philoso⁃phy.Systematically connecting Kan aesthetics,Berdyaev's religious philosophy and Wellek's literary theory,the author deduces that it is likely for literature to carry out the mission of bridging the gulf between the realm of good and evil and the realm beyond good and evil.