元嘉十七年至元嘉末南北军事关系演进研究(440-453)

On the Evolution of Military Relations between North and South from the Seventeenth Year of Yuanjia to the End of Yuanjia(A.D.440-453)

随着北魏在北方军事活动的结束,其南进战略便逐步推进,加之宋文帝北伐意愿并未消除,因此元嘉十七年至元嘉末是宋魏军事关系进程中最为激烈的阶段。两国关于仇池的争夺是这一阶段的开端,仇池失后,宋文帝安排三王出镇,为北伐做初步准备。元嘉二十三年,北魏侵边在刘宋引起较大的震动,何承天上《安边论》,提出“安边固守”的主张,并认为应放弃边境地区的一些领土。刘宋疏于北伐准备,主要与国内政治发展及宋文帝本人性格有关,这也是元嘉二十七年刘宋北伐失败的重要原因。

With the end of the Northern Wei's military activities in the north,its strategy to advance southward had been gradually promoted.In addition,Emperor Song Wen's willingness to go northward had not been eliminated.Therefore,the stage from the 17th year to the end of Yuanjia was the most intense part in the military relationship between Song Dynasty and Northern Wei Dynasty.The rivalry for Qiu Chi between the two countries was the beginning of this stage.After the loss of Qiu Chi,Emperor Song Wen arranged the three royal members to be the state executive to make preliminary preparations for the Northern Expedition.In the 23rd years of Yuan⁃jia,the invasion of the Northern Wei Dynasty caused a great shock in Song Dynasty.He Chengtian put forward the idea of"Stable bor⁃der"and believed that some territories in the border region should be abandoned.Song Dynasty's lack of preparation for the Northern Expedition was mainly related to domestic political development and the character of Emperor Song Wen himself.This is also an impor⁃tant reason for the failure of the Northern Expedition in the Song Dynasty in the 27th year of Yuanjia.