寄宿制中小学学生青春期发育现状及相关膳食营养因素分析——以黄山地区为例

Pubertal development among students in boarding schools and associated dietary factors:a case study in Huangshan area

目的:了解黄山地区寄宿制学校儿童青少年青春期发育现状,并分析膳食营养状况与青春期发育之间的关系。方法:采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,选取黄山市寄宿制小学、初中各1所,采用视诊法和触诊法现场收集学生的第二性征发育数据,采用问卷调查法收集学生的膳食情况。结果:黄山地区寄宿制中小学男生阴毛发育的P50年龄为12.72岁,睾丸开始发育的P50年龄为12.33岁,初遗的P50年龄为13.65岁;女孩阴毛开始发育的P50年龄为11.81岁,乳房开始发育的P50年龄为10.13岁,月经初潮的P50年龄为12.04岁。综合青春期不同阶段指标,男女生中均发现,在未发育组、发育早期组和发育晚期组的水果和奶类的摄入量依次降低(P<0.05)。相比未发育组和发育早期组,发育晚期组学生以动物性食物为主的膳食结构所占比例较大,也更经常吃鸭脖(翅)类食物,喝功能饮料,但吃保健品的比例较小(P<0.05)。结论:与全国水平相比,黄山地区寄宿制中小学学生的青春期启动较晚,但成熟较早。水果、奶类、维生素和矿物质补充剂类保健品可能是寄宿制中小学儿童青少年青春期发育提前的保护因素。鸭脖(翅)类食物、功能饮料、以动物性食物为主的膳食结构可能是寄宿制中小学儿童青少年青春期发育提前的危险因素。

Objective:To understand the puberty development status of children and adolescents in boarding schools in Huangshan area,and to analyze the relationship between dietary nutrition status and puberty development.Methods:One boarding primary school and one boarding junior middle school were selected by cluster sampling and survey in Huangshan City.Pubertal development was assessed according to the tanner method.The data of dietary intake and frequency of all kinds of foods and drinks over the past year of students were collected using food frequency questionnaires.Results:Among boys in boarding primary and secondary schools in Huangshan area,The P50 age of the onset of pubic hair development was 12.72 years old,testicular development was age of 12.33,the P50 age of primary testicular development was 13.65 years old.For girls,the P50 age of the onset of pubic hair development was 11.81 years old,breast development was 10.13 years for girls,and the P50 age of menarche was 12.04 years old.It was found that the intake of fruit and milk in both boys and girls was in the undeveloped group>the early development group>the late development group(P<0.05).Compared with the non-development group and the early-development group,the students in the late-development group had a larger proportion of dietary structure mainly consisting of animal food,ate more duck neck(wing)food,drink more functional beverage,but took less health products(P<0.05).Conclusion:Compared with the national level,the puberty of boarding primary and secondary school students in Huangshan district starts later,but matures earlier.Fruit,milk,vitamin and mineral supplements may be protective factors for early puberty development of children and adolescents in boarding schools.Duck neck(wing)food,functional beverage and animal-based dietary structure may be risk factors.