土壤中汞和砷的环境效应、来源及影响因素

Environmental Effect,Sources and Influencing Factors of Mercury and Arsenic in Soil

指出了土壤中汞、砷的环境效应是一个重要的问题。系统地总结了土壤中重金属汞、砷的环境效应,整理了土壤中的重金属元素汞和砷主要的来源,并分析了影响土壤中汞、砷浓度及形态的主要因素。结果表明:总体上,土壤中的重金属汞、砷会通过迁移转化在生物体内富集,一方面会影响土壤中微生物新陈代谢和群落结构,另一方面,还会影响植物的生长和发育等。工农业活动、交通、燃煤和生活垃圾排放等人为活动是土壤中汞、砷的主要污染来源。土壤中汞、砷形态和迁移转化受到土壤理化性质如pH值、有机质含量、阳离子交换量、粘粒等及生物作用的显著影响。其环境效应与人类的生产生活密切相关,且来源广泛、影响因素多,仍需要持续重点地关注和研究。

The environmental effect of mercury and arsenic in soil is an important problem.This paper systematically summarizes the environmental effect of mercury and arsenic in soil,analyzes the main sources of mercury and arsenic in soil,and summarizes the main factors affecting the concentration and morphology of mercury and arsenic in soil.In general,the heavy metals mercury and arsenic in soil will accumulate in organisms,affecting the growth and development of plants and the community structure of microorganisms in the soil.Man-made activities such as industrial and agricultural activities,transportation,coal burning and household waste discharge are the main sources of mercury and arsenic pollution in soil.The morphology,migration and transformation of mercury and arsenic in soil are significantly affected by the physical and chemical properties of soil and biological effects,such as pH,organic matter,cation exchange capacity and clay.Its environmental effect is closely related to human production and life,and it has a wide range of sources and many influencing factors.It still needs continuous and focused attention and research.