溶瘤病毒在膀胱癌治疗中的研究现状与进展

Advances in the treatment of bladder cancer with oncolytic virus

膀胱癌是泌尿系统最常见的恶性肿瘤。免疫治疗作为一种新型的治疗方法,在尿路上皮癌领域取得了巨大成功。溶瘤病毒作为免疫治疗的一项新兴研究热点,可以通过特异性破坏肿瘤细胞或激活特异性抗肿瘤免疫的双重作用机制来达到抗肿瘤效应。目前,溶瘤病毒在膀胱癌的治疗中取得了重大突破,特别是在非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌的治疗方面。包括腺病毒、柯萨奇病毒、牛痘病毒及单纯疱疹病毒等在内的溶瘤病毒,在膀胱灌注治疗膀胱癌的多项临床试验中显示出良好的安全性和有效性。特别是在重组腺病毒干扰素α治疗膀胱癌的Ⅲ期临床试验中,高达53%的患者3个月时获得完全缓解,且无Ⅳ/Ⅴ级不良反应。本文就溶瘤病毒在膀胱癌治疗中的研究现状和进展进行综述。

Bladder cancer is the most common malignant tumor in urinary system.Immunotherapy,as a new treatment modality,has recently achieved great success in urothelial cancer.As a hotspot of immunotherapy,oncolytic virus can promote anti-tumor response by specifically destroying tumor cells and activating specific anti-tumor immune response.At present,oncolytic virus has made a great breakthrough in the treatment of bladder cancer,especially in the treatment of NMIBC.Oncolytic viruses,including adenovirus,coxsackie virus,vaccinia virus and herpes simplex virus,have shown good safety and effectiveness in a number of clinical trials for bladder cancer treated by intravesical instillation.Especially when recombinant adenovirus interferon α is used in the phase Ⅲ clinical trial of bladder cancer,up to 53% of the patients have achieved complete response at the third months,but there was no grade Ⅳ/Ⅴ adverse reaction.In this paper,the latest progress of research on oncolytic virus in the treatment of bladder cancer was reviewed.