新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间急诊一线护士应对方式、领悟社会支持及心理健康的关系

The relationship between coping style,perceived social support and psychological health among emergency frontline nurses during Corona Virus Disease 2019 outbreak

目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情防控期间急诊一线护士应对方式、领悟社会支持及心理健康状况之间的关系。方法于2020年2月3日至11日,采用一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)、领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)对广州市COVID-19患者定点收治医院急诊科为疑似或确诊的COVID-19患者提供护理的护士进行电子问卷调查。采用Spearman等级相关分析研究心理健康状况、领悟社会支持及应对方式之间的关系;采用二分类Logistic回归分析性别、工作年限、领悟社会支持及应对方式对心理健康状况的共同作用。结果共263例急诊一线护士参与调查,其中66例(25.10%)具有心理健康风险(GHQ-12>3分);领悟社会支持为59.00(49.00,69.00)分,积极应对为1.67(1.17,2.08)分,消极应对为1.00(0.63,1.25)分。积极应对与社会支持存在较强的正相关(r=0.48,P<0.01),与心理健康状况得分呈负相关(r=-0.12,P<0.05);社会支持与心理健康状况得分呈负相关(r=-0.24,P<0.01);消极应对与心理健康状况得分呈正相关(r=0.15,P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,女性(OR=2.69,95%CI:1.79~3.61),更长的工作年限(OR=1.53,95%CI:1.09~2.14),消极应对(OR=2.27,95%CI:1.27~4.05)以及较低的领悟社会支持(OR=0.95,95%CI:0.93~0.97)为护士心理健康状况的危险因素(均P<0.05),且领悟社会支持为积极应对与心理健康的完全中介因素。结论COVID-19疫情防控一线护士的心理健康风险较高,受多方面因素的影响,且领悟社会支持较低,建议可通过减少一线护士的消极应对方式、提高社会支持降低一线护士的健康风险。

Objective To explore the relationship between coping style,perceived social support and psychological health among emergency frontline nurses during the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19).MethodsBetween February 3 to 11,2020,General Health Questionnaire(GHQ-12),Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS)and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ)were used to evaluate psychological health status,social support and coping style among frontline nurses nursing for COVID-19 infected or suspected patients.Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to study the relationship between psychological health status,perceived social support and coping style.The effects of gender,working years,perceived social support and coping style on psychological health status were studied by binary Logistic regression analysis.ResultsAmong the 263 participants included in the study,66(25.10%)were identified as experiencing psychological distress(GHQ-12>3 points).The PSSS score,positive coping and negative coping dimension scores were 59.00(49.00,69.00),1.67(1.17,2.08),and 1.00(0.63,1.25)points,respectively.Positive coping style was positively correlated with social support(r=0.48,P<0.01)and negatively correlated with psychological health score(r=-0.12,P<0.05).Social support was negatively correlated with psychological health score(r=-0.24,P<0.01).Negative coping style was positively correlated with psychological health score(r=0.15,P<0.05).Logistic regression model revealed that female(OR=2.69,95%CI:1.79-3.61),longer working life(OR=1.53,95%CI:1.09-2.14),negative coping style(OR=2.27,95%CI:1.27-4.05),and perceived less social support(OR=0.95,95%CI:0.93-0.97)were the main risk factors for nurses′psychological health(all P<0.05),and perceived social support was the complete intermediary factor of positive coping dimension and psychological health.ConclusionsThe psychological health risk of frontline nurses for COVID-19 prevention and control is high,which is associated with many aspect factors,and the perceived social support is relatively low.It is suggested to take measures to reduce the possibility of taking negative coping style,and offer more social support for the frontline nurses to improve their psychological health.