列宁反对官僚主义的理论构想、实践探索和现实启示

Lenin's Theoretical Conception,Practical Exploration and Practical Enlightenment of Opposition to Bureaucracy

官僚主义是阻碍国家治理效能提升的顽瘴痼疾,反对官僚主义始终是列宁治国理政的重要原则。在借鉴巴黎公社经验和剖析资本主义国家官僚主义现象的过程中,列宁提出了反对官僚主义的理论构想,即无产阶级政权机关必须“站在社会之中”而不是“社会之上”,无产阶级必须用实干政府取代官僚政府,无产阶级政权的执政者必须具有公仆意识。十月革命胜利后,列宁在领导苏俄社会主义建设的实践探索中,力求通过改善政权机关来治理官僚主义,主张通过加强民主监督来防范官僚主义,强调通过密切联系群众来克服官僚主义。列宁反对官僚主义的实践探索蕴含着深刻的现实启示,在推进国家治理现代化的背景下,反对官僚主义必须进一步完善体制机制,必须坚持走群众路线,必须加强思想教育工作,必须推进服务型政府建设。

Bureaucracy is a persistent disease that hinders the improvement of national governance efficiency.Opposition to bureaucracy has always been Lenin's important principle in governing the country.In the process of drawing lessons from the experience of Paris’Commune regime construction and analyzing the phenomenon of bureaucratism in capitalist countries,Lenin put forward the theoretical conception of opposing bureaucratism,that is,the proletarian regime organ must stand in the society rather than above the society;the proletariats must replace the bureaucratic government with a solid and pragmatic government;and the rulers of the proletarian regime must have the consciousness of being public servants.After the victory of the October Revolution,Lenin,in his practical exploration of leading the socialist construction in Soviet Russia,made every effort to control bureaucracy by improving the organs of political power,advocated to prevent bureaucracy through democratic political construction,and placed emphasis on overcoming bureaucracy through close contact with the masses.Lenin's practical exploration of opposing bureaucracy contains profound practical enlightenment.Under the background of promoting the modernization of national governance,we must further improve the system and mechanism,adhere to the mass line,strengthen ideological education and promote the construction of a service-oriented government.