青年恩格斯的三次思想转变

Three Theoretical Changes of Young Engels

在既有的研究中,青年恩格斯得到的关注远不及青年马克思,然而,随着马克思主义哲学史研究的推进,梳理回顾青年恩格斯思想演进的重要性日渐凸显。立足1845年之前恩格斯的生平和著作,可以发现青年恩格斯存在三次思想转变:1)在宗教神学批判中,走向人本主义和哲学共产主义;2)在英国社会运动利益和原则关系的考察中,接受并改造唯物主义;3)通过工业革命和无产阶级的经验考察,批判哲学概念范畴的抽象性,走向唯物史观。对于青年恩格斯走向唯物史观的"另一条道路"的回顾,不仅有助于丰富马克思主义哲学形成史研究,而且有助于我们全面理解马克思主义哲学的历史演进和当代发展。

In conventional studies,young Engels got less concentration than young Marx.Along with the development of Marxist history studies,studies of young Engels become more and more important.With the thorough study on life and works of Engels before 1845,it is to be found that there are three theoretical changes,or three progresses as follows.1)Engels accepted humanism and philosophical communism in his critique of religion.2)With the consideration of the relation between material interests and historical principle in British social movements,Engels promoted a novel interpretation of materialism.3)Engels approached historical materialism with the positive investigations of industrial revolution and modern proletariat and the discovery of social relations behind the abstract categories.Studies of young Engels are helpful not only in research of the formation of Marxist Philosophy but also in its history and the current development.