清代文人结社的地域性特征及其根本原因——以江南地区为中心

The Regional Characteristics and Basic Reason of Literati Associations in the Qing Dynasty--Taking Jiangnan Region as the Center

清代文人结社活动最为显著的特点便是其鲜明的地域性,而江南地区的文人结社尤甚。其声势之浩大、参与人员之众多是前此少见的。清代江南文人结社的地域性特点表现为成员内部复杂的地缘、亲缘、师生关系以及结社活动的地方化、风俗化。而促使这种地域性特点出现的根本原因在于士阶层的地方化。受到明清江南商品经济蓬勃发展以及清代以后中国人口的爆发式增长的影响,江南士人家族逐渐在地方绵延繁衍,其子弟成为了本地区文人结社的中坚力量,也为文人结社注入了源源不断的血液。

The most notable feature of the association activities of the literati in the Qing Dynasty was its distinct regionality,and the association of literati in the Jiangnan region was more distinctive.Its immense momentum and the large number of participants from all over the place are rare.The regional characteristics of the association of Jiangnan literati in the Qing Dynasty manifested in the complex geography,kinship,teacher-student relationship within the members,and the localization and custom of association activities.The fundamental reason for the emergence of this regional feature is the localization of the gentry.Influenced by the vigorous development of the Jiangnan commodity economy in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the explosive growth of the Chinese population after the Qing Dynasty,the Jiangnan nobles gradually grew and proliferated in the localities.