马克思对黑格尔贫困理论的批判性超越

Marx's Critical Transcendence of Hegel's Poverty Theory

马克思的反贫困哲学是对黑格尔贫困理论的批判与超越。黑格尔贫困理论聚焦了市民社会中贫困与贱民这两大问题。它们作为马克思反贫困哲学的理论环节,为之提供了批判素材与超越目标。但黑格尔贫困理论不能提供消灭贫困的路径,因为它仍深陷贫困考察的旧世界观之内,与所有权致贫等考察方式并无二致。与之相对,马克思考察了现代致贫的社会根源,把握住现代阶级的革命主体:资本生产积累其实就是无产阶级的贫困积累;贱民是能够变革世界的无产阶级。由此,反贫困哲学被马克思提升至这样的现实高度:消灭资本、阶级革命与消灭贫困的有机统一。换言之,马克思的反贫困哲学并未简单停留于解决贫困现象,而是解决与贫困相关的无产阶级革命问题,创立自由全面发展的新社会。

In terms of intellectual history,Marx'santi-poverty philosophy is the critique and transcendence of Hegel's poverty theory.Hegel's poverty theory focuses on two major problems of poverty and untouchability in civil society;they serve as the theoretical link of Marx's anti-poverty philosophy,providing critical material and transcending goals.But Hegel's poverty theory cannot provide a path to eliminate poverty,because it is still trapped in the old world view of poverty investigation,which is not different from the investigation method of ownership-induced poverty.In contrast,Marx investigated the social roots of modern poverty and grasped the revolutionary subject of the modern class:capital production accumulation is actually the accumulation of poverty of the proletariat;the untouchables are the proletariat that can transform the world.As a result,the anti-poverty philosophy was elevated by Marx to a realistic height:the organic unity of the elimination of capital,class revolution,and the elimination of poverty.In other words,Marx's anti-poverty philosophy does not only solve the phenomenon of poverty,but also solve the problems of the proletarian revolution related to poverty and create a new society of free and comprehensive development.