全球价值链下中国制造业的分布特征与演变趋势

The Distribution Characteristics and Evolution Trend of China's Manufacturing Industry in the Global Value Chain

中国经济高质量发展的一个重要途径是实现制造业向全球价值链高端攀升。通过测算和比较全球前十大制造业国家制造业部门的全球价值链参与度,对我国14个制造业行业高中低技术部门在全球价值链的位置指数进行度量表明,中国制造业参与全球价值链生产活动形成的增加值占总产出比重并不高,但低技术和中高技术制造业在时间趋势上有从下游向上游转变的趋势。目前中国低技术制造业位于全球价值链中上游水平,中高技术制造业更靠近下游。为更好地利用国际资源促进中国制造业转型升级,需要充分发挥扩大进口的积极作用,并采取分类施策的方法,有针对性地解决具有不同技术经济特征的制造业行业在构建竞争新优势过程中面临的难题。

A major way for China's high-quality economic development is to realize the manufacturing industry to reach at high-end global value chain.By measuring and comparing the participation of manufacturing sectors of the top 10 manufacturing countries in global value chain,a measure of the position index of China's 14 high,medium and low technical departments in manufacturing industries in the global value chain shows that the proportion of added value formed by China's manufacturing industry participating in global value chain production activities is not high,but the low,med-to-high-tech manufacturing industries have shifted from downstream to upstream over time.At present,China's low-tech manufacturing industry is located in the middle and upper reaches of the global value chain,while the medium-and high-tech manufacturing industry is closer to the downstream.In order to make better use of international resources to promote the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry,it is necessary to give full play to the positive role of expanding imports and adopt classified measures to solve the problems faced by manufacturing industries with different technical and economic characteristics in the process of building new competitive advantages.