韩国木简的考古发掘与整理研究

Archaeological Excavations and Finishing Research on Wooden Slips in South Korea

东亚出现文字以来,将木头作为书写材料的传统起源于中国。根据资料分析,这种传统从中国起源后经过韩国传入日本。在纸张传播滞后的韩国和日本,使用木简记录文字比中国多延续数百年。韩国大部分木简是在考古发掘古代和中世纪庆州、扶余都城中心区域的遗址中偶然出土的,数量仅1590余件。遗址中出土的木简大部分是在汉四郡时期中国制作的,以及到6世纪后期~7世纪前期三国时期的百济和新罗木简、8世纪时统一新罗的木简。此外,被发现的还有新安船和泰安船出水的高丽时期木简和15世纪漕运船形制的朝鲜时期的木简。韩国木简的内容涵盖了户籍、量田、度量衡、物资运输、地方行政体系、文书行政、都城内外的空间结构和景观等各个领域,充分体现了韩国木简在古代东亚历史上的地位。值得关注的是,对于理解和解释古代东亚地区的木简文化,韩国木简文化的性质和地位在证明中国简牍文化经过韩国传入日本这一过程中占据着不容忽视的重要地位。为了探讨韩、中、日三国木简资料的异同,了解东亚地区木简文化的整体发展趋势,首先要对各国木简的古代名称、分类标准进行深层次的研究,这是各国研究者进行沟通的前提。

Since the emergence of characters in East Asia,the tradition of using wood as a writing material originated in China.According to the data analysis,it was cradled in China and then passed by South Korea to Japan.In South Korea and Japan,where paper transmission lagged,the use of wooden slips in recording characters lasted hundreds of years longer than that in China.Most of South Korea's wooden slips were accidentally unearthed in archaeological excavations of the ancient and medieval capital sites of the central area of Kyongju and Buyeo with a number of only more than 1,590 pieces.Among them,most were made in China during the period of the Four Commanderies of Han dynasty in North Korea.So were the wooden slips of Baiji and Silla in the late sixth to early seventh century,and those from the unified Silla in the eighth century.What were also found were wooden slips from the Goryeo period out of the water of the Xin'an and Tai'an ships and the ship-shaped ones from the Korean period in the 15th century.The contents of South Korean wooden slips covered household registration,measurement,material transportation,local administrative system,clerical administration,spatial structure and landscape inside and outside the capital city and other fields,fully reflecting the status that the South Ko-rean wooden slips have Chinese characteristics in ancient East Asia.It is worth noting that for understanding and explaining the culture of wooden slips in ancient East Asia,the nature and status of South Korean wooden slips culture plays an important role that cannot be ignored in proving that the Chinese culture of Bamboo and wooden slips was introduced into Japan by South Korea.In order to explore the similarities and differences of the wooden slips data of South Korea,China and Japan,and to understand the overall developing trend of wooden slips culture in East Asia,we must first carry on an in-depth study of the ancient names and classification standards of wooden slips in various countries.This is the premise of communication between researchers in various countries.