魏晋南北朝史学的正统之辨

On the Orthodoxy of Historiography in Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties

魏晋南北朝时期的政治特点是国家分裂和民族矛盾尖锐,政权的并立与对立,大量民族政权的出现,使得这一时期的王朝正统问题尤为突出。这些并立、对立政权和民族政权各自都纷纷以正统自居,以期维护本朝政权的合法性。魏晋南北朝史学正统之辨的基本特点,一是依据五德相生原理以明确朝代德属的相承相继关系,由此确立朝代的正统地位;二是出于维护本朝正统地位的需要,对分裂并立政权的正统问题进行论辩;三是各政权特别是北方民族政权通过历史认同,包括血缘认同、中原认同和夷夏之辨等,以维护其正统地位。魏晋南北朝史学的正统之辨,是中国传统史学正统思想发展的重要阶段。

The political characteristics of the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern dynasties are the division of the country and the sharpness of ethnic contradictions.As juxtaposition and opposition of political power and emergence of a large number of national regimes,it makes hard to define which regime is orthodox.In order to maintain the legitimacy of their regimes,all of them regard themselves as orthodoxy.The basic characteristics of the orthodoxy of historiography in the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern dynasties are as follows:first,according to the principle of the mutual birth of five virtues to clarify the successive relationship of the dynasty and decide which one is orthodox;second,in order to maintain the orthodox status,people should make a debate on the orthodox of disrupt and consistent regimes;third,each regime,especially the northern national regime,maintains its orthodox status through historical identity,including consanguinity identity,the identity of the Central Plains and the distinction between Yi and Xia.The debate on the orthodoxy of historiography in Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties is the important stage in the development of the orthodox ideology in Chinese traditional historiography.