青少年运动员心理健康双因素模型的建构与解析——基于质性分析与量化检验的视角

Construction and Analysis of Two-factor Model of Youth Athletes’Mental Health——From the Perspective of Qualitative Analysis and Quantitative Test

对22名青少年运动员进行深度访谈,依据扎根理论进行三级编码,形成环境适应不良、主观幸福感受、竞训情绪体验和积极心理特征4个核心式编码,建构青少年运动员心理健康双因素理论模型。通过信效度检验、验证性因子分析、区别效度检验等方法对建构模型进行检验,结果显示:建构模型χ^2=379.066,df=226,χ2/df=1.677<3,GFI=0.832接近0.9,CFI=0.930>0.9,RMSEA=0.064<0.08,模型适配合理。同时,结合相关理论对量化结果进行模型解析。经由实践发现—质性分析—量化检验—理论解释之后,针对青少年运动员心理教育问题提出建议:加强预防性的心理教育和训练,充分发挥社会支持力量,营造良好学训生活氛围,注重积极心理的引导与养成。

Based on the in-depth interviews with 22 youth athletes,three-level coding was carried out according to the Grounded Theory.Four core codes were formed,namely,maladjustment to the environment,subjective well-being,emotional experience of competitive training and positive psychological characteristics,and a two-factor theoretical model of mental health of youth athletes was constructed.The construction model was examined by tests of reliability and validity,confirmatory factor analysis and discriminant validity.The results showed that:χ^2=379.066,df=226,χ2/df=1.677<3,GFI=0.832 close to 0.9,CFI=0.930>0.9,RMSEA=0.064<0.08.The model fit is reasonable,and at the same time,the quantitative results were analyzed with the relevant theories.After the practice discovery,qualitative analysis,quantitative test and theoretical explanation,this paper puts forward some suggestions for the psychological education of youth athletes.We should strengthen preventive psychological education and training,give full play to social support,create a good learning and training atmosphere,and pay attention to the guidance and cultivation of positive psychology.