山西沁源县正中村金代砖室墓壁画摹本考

Textual Research on the Copies of Jin Dynasty Brick-chambered Tomb Murals of Zhengzhong Village of Qinyuan County, Shanxi Province

1958年,山西省沁源县正中村发现一座金代砖室墓。该墓葬坐西朝东,为不规则多室墓,由主室及五个侧室组成,其中主室内绘制有壁画。根据造墓题记可知此墓是家族迁葬墓,修建年代为金大定八年(1168年)。墓葬发现以后,山西省文物管理委员会派人清理,撰写《沁源县交口乡正中村金代砖室壁画墓葬考察记录》,并临摹壁画。这套壁画摹本包括亡灵过桥图1幅,男女对坐宴饮图4幅,骑马出猎图2幅,庄客生产生活图2幅,二十四孝图8幅,构件彩饰图案6幅,共计23幅,现由山西博物院收藏。在壁画图像中,人物旁边有题记表明人物身份,与该墓造墓题记呼应,为解读这一地区的壁画内容提供了重要的资料。

In 1958, a brick-chambered tomb of the Jin dynasty was excavated in Zhengzhong Village of Qinyuan County of Shanxi Province. This East-facing tomb is an irregular multi-chamber tomb which composes of one main chamber and five subordinate chambers. Murals were painted inside the main chamber. Tomb builders’ graffito shows that the tomb resulted from a family migration and was built in 1168(the 8th year of Dading’s reign). Under the instruction of provincial cultural relics administration(currently the Shanxi Cultural Relics Bureau), the tomb was preserved, a case report was written, and murals were copied. The set of 23 mural copies are now stowed in the Shanxi Museum, including one picture of death ritual, four pictures of couples sitting at banquet, two pictures of hunting on horseback, two pictures of working on farmland, eight pictures of twenty-four filial piety stories, and six pictures of colored decorative designs for construction. Inscriptions were found beside the figures in the murals to clarify identity, and in line with builders’ graffito. All these materials provide important information to interpret the mural content in this area.