卡特政府对华关系正常化的决策过程及其影响

Influences and Decision-Making Process of Carter Administration in the Normalization of Sino-U.S.Relations

卡特政府的对华关系正常化决策主要围绕“出台‘苏中等距离’政策、万斯访华、布热津斯基访华和中美建交谈判”四个重大事件展开,其决策过程受到台湾、战略、美国国内政治和个人等因素的影响。执政初期美国推行的“苏中等距离”政策与万斯访华期间美国在台湾问题上的“倒退”造成了正常化的两次推延。而布热津斯基访华则因给中方带来“美国已下定决心”的承诺而开启了中美建交谈判。谈判期间,双方最终以“同意存有分歧”方案实现了正常化。这不仅为中美两国带来战略上的利益,扩大了中美两国的合作与交流,还在国际上产生了巨大的反响。但两国“搁置争议、先行建交”的做法也为未来的中美关系留下了隐患。

The Carter administration’s decision to normalize with China mainly focused on four major events,release the policy of“Equal Distance between Sino-Soviet”,Vance’s visit to China,Brzezinski’s visit to China and the negotiation on the establishment of diplomatic relations between Sino-U.S.The policy of“Equal Distance between Sino-Soviet”carried out by the United States in the early days of its administration and the“regression”of the United States on the Taiwan Question during Vance’s visit to China caused two delays in Normalization.Brzezinski’s visit to China,on the other hand,opened negotiations on the establishment of diplomatic relations between Sino-U.S.with the promise that the United States is determined.During the negotiations,the two sides finally normalized by“agreeing to disagree”.Normalization has not only brought strategic benefits to Sino-U.S.,expanded cooperation and exchanges between two countries,but also generated a huge international response.But the two countries’practice of“shelving disputes and establishing diplomatic relations first”also leaves a hidden danger for the future Sino-U.S.relations.