政治修辞与承转文本的建构

Political Rhetoric and Textual Construction of Chengzhuan

承转是说写表达中先顺承受交际者之意,再暗转笔锋或话锋以呈露己意的一种修辞手法。在日常修辞与政治修辞中,承转手法的运用都很广泛。由于以承转手法建构的修辞文本,表达上先顺承后暗转,语意展露的过程减少了突兀感与生硬感,因而表意上就显得婉约含蓄;同时,表达上的先顺后逆,还使前后句产生了对立矛盾的语义落差,因而接受上往往会让人产生一种始料不及的错愕感,幽默效果不期而至。正因为如此,承转修辞手法的运用在日常修辞与政治修辞中都很常见。不过,日常修辞与政治修辞在以承转手法建构修辞文本时,在目标预期上是有差别的。在日常修辞中,承转文本的建构大多追求表意含蓄蕴藉的效果或是出人意表的幽默机趣;而在政治修辞中,承转文本的建构所追求的则不仅止于此,而是要通过这种效果或情趣塑造交际者作为政治人的优雅形象。

Chengzhuan is a rhetorical device,by means of which the creator first follows the interlocutor’s flow of thought in the verbal expression,and then imperceptibly switch the expression to show one’s intention.It is widely used in daily and political rhetoric.As the rhetorical texts constructed by chengzhuan can reduce the abruptness and stiffness in the expression by way of“first following and then switching”,it can achieve an effect of subtlety and implicitness.Meanwhile,this way of expression can produce a paradoxical semantic gap between the consecutive sentences,which can create an unexpected shock in reception,followed naturally by a humorous effect.And because of this,this device is commonly employed in daily and political rhetoric.However,in the construction of the chengzhuan texts,they show some differences in their desired aims.In daily rhetoric,the construction mostly pursues an effect of subtlety and implicitness or a wit of unexpected humor,while in political rhetoric,it further intends to make the interlocutor as a politician a graceful image through them.