沉思何以是一种生活实践?

Why is Theoria a Kind of Praxis?

海德格尔所揭示的古希腊的智慧(σοφiα)以及沉思(θεωρεiν)等概念的源始意义,表明海德格尔并未将它们列入非本真或衍生的生存活动。相反,在向另外一个开端的过渡中,重新占有及重演这些源始概念是必经之途。海德格尔在前期思想中并未对沉思的生存方式充分展开,因为他的重点在于对亚里士多德实践智慧(φρoνησις)以及技艺(τεχνη)等概念的诠释。在海德格尔中后期的思想中,运思活动被认为是揭示存在的真理的重要方式。海德格尔在前期未曾展开的对沉思的阐释,在后期通过运思(Denken)、沉思(Besinnung)、思考(Bedenken)等概念展开。作为为此在之生存奠基的存在之思,哲学沉思活动也是最高意义上的实践活动。海德格尔所说的哲学运思与他所批判的形而上学的反思是有区别的。

By analyzing the original meaning of the ancient Greek conceptsσοφiαandθεωρεῖνrevealed by Heidegger,this paper shows that Heidegger had never attributed them to unauthentic or derivative existential activities.On the contrary,in the transition to another beginning,to retrieve or wiederholen these original concepts is the indispensible and inevitable way.Heidegger does not fully develop the existential art of theoria in his ealier thoughts,because he focuses on the interpretation of Aristotle’sφρόνησις,τεχνηetc at the time.In his mid to late thoughts,Heidegger confirms that theoria is the essential form of revealing truth.Heidegger specially develops in his later time the concept of theoria by pondering on the concepts of Denken,Besinnung,Bedenken,etc.As the grounding action for the existence of Dasein,philosophical theoria is the Being-thinkng and the highest praxis.The thesis also makes a distinction between the philosophical theoria that Heidegger refers and the metaphysical reflection that Heidegger critisizes.