正义理论的两难:对阿玛蒂亚·森的批评与理解

On a Dilemma of Contemporary Justice Theories: A Critique to Amartya Sen

森的能力路径开创了正义理论研究的新思路,但也受到了不少批评。森的能力理论提出后遭到一些批评,这些批评有合理之处,但也有不切题的情况。合理之处在于森的能力理论的确存在某些失误,尤其是在人际视角方面。不切题在于这些批评有意无意地忽视了森对个人视角更深切的关怀。在某种意义上,森的失误是无可避免的,因为个人视角与人际视角之间的冲突正是当代正义理论建构所面临的两难。

Amartya Sen’s capability approach has created a new perspective for the theories of justice,but it has also been criticized by many people,especially his concepts of capability and freedom.After briefly expounding the background and main viewpoints of Sen’s capability theory,this article focuses on analyzing several major criticisms,pointing out that these criticisms are both reasonable and irrelevant.What is reasonable is that there are some mistakes in Sen’s theory,especially in interpersonal perspective,which is irrelevant because these criticisms ignore the deeper personal concern of Sen.This article attempts to show that Sen’s errors are inevitable,because this is a dilemma faced by the theoretical construction of contemporary justice theories.