论证言的默认接受权利

On Default Acceptance Right of Testimony

证言知识论是当代西方知识论中一个极为重要的研究领域。证言指间接获得的二手消息或信息。我们每个人常常不可避免地通过直接接受他人的证言而获得知识。例如,小孩接受师长的教导。对此,证言的默认接受权利要从知识论的角度说明我们在知识上直接接受他人证言的合理性。本文首先分析了证言知识论中主要的四个默认接受权利理论,并指出它们所面临的困难;进而找出摆脱困境的办法——提出了一个新的主张,即默认接受权利与具体的个人和具体的时空背景相关,它是众多的,分别对应着不同时空中的各个听者,而非统一、普遍有效的。

Epistemology of Testimony is a very important part in Contemporary Western Epistemology.Testimony refers to second-hand information or information obtained indirectly.It is inevitable for each of us to gain knowledge by trusting the testimony of others directly.For example,Children are taught by teachers.Default Acceptance Right shows the epistemological rationality of believing testimony directly.Firstly,this paper analyses the four main theories of Default Acceptance of Right,and points out the difficulties they are facing.Secondly,this paper finds out the way out of the predicament-puts forward a new idea,that is,Default Acceptance of Right is related to specific individuals and specific space-time background.It is numerous and corresponds to different listeners in different space-time.It is not universal and unified.