话语分析与风险处置——以WHO对H1N1的处置为例

Discourse Analysis and Risk Management: Basing on the Case of WHO’s Management of H1N1

2009年的H1N1被世界卫生组织定义为风险极高的流感大流行,采取了一系列的对策与处置措施。然而事后证明,在很大程度上这是虚惊一场,世卫组织的做法因此招致众多批评。从话语分析的视角看,世卫组织的决策失误源于在科学界内部,跨专业科学家的书面话语与交流话语的非统一性。而在大众空间的非正式话语中,科学家则体现出超越学科框架的一致性和高度的社会责任感。因此在处置重大突发性危机的时候,决策者应该提高对这类非正式话语的关注,打破学术壁垒、消除不确定性,以更好地进行科学决策。

The 2009 H1N1 influenza was defined by WHO (World Health Organization) as a highly risky influenza pandemic and a serious of countermeasures were conducted accordingly.However,the 2009 pandemic turned out to be a false alarm to a large extent which arose a lot of criticism.From a discourse analysis perspective,WHO’s failure on decision making was stem from the inconsistency of formal scientific discourse.However,through the investigation,it is found that the informal discourse reflects the consistence which beyond the disciplinary framework and the concern focused socially.In dealing with the major sudden crisis,policymakers are suggested to add more weight to informal discourse so as to break the academic barriers and eliminate uncertainty for better decision making.