中法船炮与马江之战

The Role of Chinese-French Warships and Artilleries in the Majiang Battle

迄至中法战争,清朝官方上下已筹建了一些海军和众多的军工厂局,购买和仿制了种类不一的西洋船炮,但其量小质差,影响有限。而此时期正是世界上前后装线膛炮的换装之时。发生在1884年8月23日的中法马江之战,参战的福建船政舰艇(11艘中仅含2艘铁壳船)所载的舰炮,以英式前装线膛阿摩斯壮炮型为主,英式惠特沃思、瓦瓦司炮也占了相当比重,侵华法军对其参数了如指掌。而法军主战舰艇(12艘中居然含9艘铁壳船)的舰炮主要以自制的后装线膛Mle64-81型为主。从前后装线膛炮的先进度、吨位、射速和威力而言,福建船政舰炮的水准明显滞后于世界舰炮发展的主流。

As far as the Chinese-French war,the Qing Dynasty had set up a number of navies,made some military factories,and buried and copied the different types of western warships and guns,but the small quantity and poor quality had limited impact.This was the time when the Breech-Loading rifled gun was taking place of the Muzzle-loading rifled gun around the world.For example,in the war between China and France on August 23,1884,the guns carried by the Fujian navy ships(11 of which contain only 2 iron vessels)were mainly of the type of British Armstrong Muzzle-loading rifled gun,British Whitworth and Vavasseur guns were also accounted for a considerable proportion.and the invading French army was quite familiar with its parameters.The guns of the French ships(including 9 iron ships among the 12)were mainly consisted of the homemade barrel Mle64-81.In terms of the forerunner,tonnages,firing speed and power,the level of Chinese warship and gun had lagged behind the mainstream of the world development.