我国城市创业成本指数的构建及其实证研究

The Construction of the Urban Entrepreneurship Cost Index in China and Its Empirical Research

创业成本是影响创新创业活动开展的重要因素,但关于城市创业成本的量化研究却很少。本文从显性成本和隐性成本两个方面将创业成本划分为生活成本、环境成本、融资成本、运营成本、研发成本和失败成本6类,在此基础上建立了城市创业成本指数,选取了我国创业活动较为活跃的10个城市进行了2012-2016年创业成本指数的实证研究。研究结果表明:在10个样本城市中,深圳的创业成本一直居于较高水平,北京、上海近5年创业成本总体呈上升趋势,长沙、成都的创业成本呈下降趋势,重庆的创业成本一直保持在较低的水平。经济发展水平越高的城市,其创业成本中的显性成本相对较高,但隐性成本则相对较低。

The entrepreneurship cost is an important factor that affects the development of innovative entrepreneurship activities,but there are few quantitative studies on the cost of urban entrepreneurship. The entrepreneurship cost is divided into six categories:cost of living,environmental cost,financing cost,operating cost,research and development cost and failure cost. Ten cities with active entrepreneurial activities in China are selected to carry out an empirical study on the entrepreneurship cost index for 2012—2016. The results show that the entrepreneurship cost in Shenzhen has been at a high level in 10 sample cities,that the cost of starting a business in Beijing and Shanghai has generally been on the rise in the past five years,and that the cost of starting a business in Changsha and Chengdu has been on the decline. The entrepreneurship cost in Chongqing has been kept low. The higher the level of economic development,the higher the explicit cost of entrepreneurship cost,but the relatively low hidden cost.