居家腹膜透析患者照顾者疾病家庭负担的调查分析

Investigation and analysis on the family burden of caregivers for home peritoneal dialysis patients

目的了解居家腹膜透析(peritoneal dialysis,PD)患者照顾者家庭负担现状,探讨其影响因素。方法选取南昌大学第一附属医院门诊复查的PD患者及照顾者112对,采用一般资料调查问卷、疾病家庭负担量表和社会支持评定量表进行调查。结果44.6%的照顾者存在中度以上疾病家庭负担。家庭负担占比最高的是家庭经济负担(58.0%),其次是家庭娱乐活动(47.3%)、家庭日常活动(42.9%)、家庭关系(22.3%)、家庭成员心理健康(18.7%)、家庭成员躯体健康(2.7%)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,患者年龄(β=-0.240,P=0.002)和照顾者家庭月收入(β=-0.353,P=0.001)、每天照顾患者时间(β=0.437,P<0.001)、对社会支持的利用度(β=-0.232,P<0.001)是照顾者疾病家庭负担的主要影响因素,共同解释疾病家庭负担总变异的48.9%。结论照顾者存在不同程度疾病家庭负担,应重点关注家庭月收入低、每天照顾患者时间长、对支持利用度低且照顾对象为青年患者的照顾者,对其采取针对性措施以减轻疾病家庭负担。

Objective To understand the family burden among caregivers for home peritoneal dialysis patients and to explore its influencing factors.Methods The general information questionnaire of patients and caregivers,the Family Burden Scale of Disease(FBS)and the Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS)were used to investigate 112 pairs of peritoneal dialysis patients and their caregivers who were reviewed in the Peritoneal Dialysis Clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University.Results Moderate or high family burden was found in 44.6%of the caregivers.The highest standardization score and proportion of family burden were family economic burden(58.0%),followed by family leisure and entertainment(47.3%),family daily life(42.9%),family relationship(22.3%),family member psychology health(18.7%),and physical health of family members(2.7%).Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that patients'age(β=-0.240,P=0.002),caregivers'monthly family income(β=-0.353,P=0.001),daily patient care time(β=0.437,P<0.001),and utilization of social support(β=-0.232,P<0.001)were the main factors affecting caregivers'family burden,which jointly accounted for 48.9%of the total variation.Conclusion Caregivers have various degrees of family burden of the illness.Attentions should be paid to caregivers with lower monthly family income,with longer care time,and for younger patients with low support utilization.Targeted measures should be carried out to reduce the family burden among caregivers.