浙江仙居长叶榧树、刺叶栎资源现状调查及分析

Investigation and Analysis of Resources of Torreya jackii and Quercus spinosa in Xianju,Zhejiang Province

目的:对仙居长叶榧树及刺叶栎生物学特性、种群分布与群落特征、资源保护的研究进展进行综述,为长叶榧树及刺叶栎资源保护和合理利用提供参考。方法:通过查阅相关文献,实地调查,观察长叶榧树与刺叶栎在野外群落内分布情况,分析其在野外种群分布较少的原因,提出相应保护对策。结果:(1)长叶榧树、刺叶栎数量较多,分布较均匀,重要值较大,在群落中起重要作用。(2)长叶榧树幼树个体数量最多,说明群落内长叶榧树更新能力较强。(3)长叶榧树、刺叶栎在群落中多样性指数较高,反应出这些群落生长条件良好。(4)刺叶栎新生个体较少,种群易发生衰退。(5)长叶榧树、刺叶栎资源减少的原因主要有:地理分布范围狭窄,生境较为恶劣,资源数量较少;乱砍滥伐现象严重;个体数量少,可能造成种群近亲交配率提高。(6)长叶榧树、刺叶栎保护对策主要有:维护生态系统、物种和基因多样性保护的统一;主张生物和生境保护的统一;就地保护与种群回归的统一。结论:深入研究群落的动态演变、种群内的遗传多样性和人工繁殖等技术,为长叶榧树与刺叶栎的保护提供更多的技术指导。

Objective:To review the biological characteristics,population distribution,community characteristics and resource protection of Torreya jackii and Quercus spinosa,and provide reference for resource protection and rational utilization.Methods:Based on the literature review and field investigation,the distribution of T.jackii and Q.spinosa in the field community was observed,and the reasons for the less distribution of T.jackii and Q.spinosa were analyzed,and the corresponding protection countermeasures were put forward.Results:(1)T.jackii and Q.spinosa have a large number,even distribution and important value,which play an important role in the community.(2)The number of young trees of T.jackii is the largest,indicating that the regeneration ability of T.jackii in the community is strong.(3)The diversity index of T.jackii and Q.spinosa in the community was high,demonstrating that the growth conditions of these communities were good.(4)The population of T.jackii is easy to decline.(5)The main reasons for the decrease of resources of T.jackii and Q.spinosa are:narrow geographical distribution,poor habitat,less resources,serious deforestation,and small number of individuals may cause the increase of inbreeding rate.(6)The protection strategies of T.jackii and Q.spinosa mainly include:maintaining the unity of ecosystem,species and gene diversity protection;advocating the unity of biological and habitat protection;the unity of in situ protection and population return.Conclusion:In order to provide more technical guidance for the protection of T.jackii and Q.spinosa,we need to study the community dynamic evolution,genetic diversity and artificial propagation.