宁夏社区2型糖尿病患者自我管理知信行现状及其影响因素研究

Study on the Status and Influencing Factors of Knowledge,Attitude and Behavior about Self-management with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus in Communities of Ningxia

目的了解宁夏社区2型糖尿病患者自我管理知信行现状及其影响因素。方法采用整群抽样法,选取宁夏3市6个社区2型糖尿病患者546人,采用一般情况调查表和糖尿病患者自我管理知信行量表进行问卷调查,运用一元线性回归与多因素逐步线性回归分析糖尿病患者自我管理知信行影响因素,使用中介效应分析自我管理知信行之间的关系。结果宁夏社区2型糖尿病患者自我管理能力处于中等水平,得分为(70.98±13.54)分,其中态度得分最高为(84.19±11.92)分,知识得分为(74.88±20.38)分,行为得分最低为(60.86±12.71)分。多因素结果显示:职业、有无糖尿病病情随访、年龄、病程、家族史是影响自我管理知识得分的主要因素;文化程度、病程及是否吸烟是影响态度得分的主要因素;每周运动时长是否达到150 min、有无糖尿病病情随访和文化程度是影响行为得分的主要因素。中介效应结果提示,糖尿病患者自我态度在自我管理知识对自我管理行为的影响中起部分中介作用。结论宁夏社区2型糖尿病患者自我管理水平不容乐观,应加强糖尿病自我管理及防治相关知识宣传,提高社区管理力度。

Objective To understand the status and influencing factors of knowledge,attitude and behavior about self-management with type 2 diabetes in communities of Ningxia.Methods A total of 546 patients with type 2 diabetes from 6 communities in 3 cities of Ningxia were selected.Information about social-demographic characteristic and Diabetes Self-management diabetes Knowledge,Attitude,Behavior Assessment Scale were used for questionnaire survey.One-variable linear regression and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of knowledge,attitude and behavior about self-management with Type 2 Diabetes.The mediating effect analysis was used to analyze the relationship among knowledge,attitude and behavior.Results The self-management ability with type 2 diabetes in Ningxia communities was in the middle level(70.98±13.54).The attitude score was the highest(84.19±11.92),followed by the knowledge score(74.88±20.38),and the behavior score was the lowest(60.86±12.71).The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that the main influencing factors of knowledge scores about self-management were education level,age,course of disease,occupation,diabetes follow-up,family history and number of follow-ups.Education level,smoking and course of disease were the main influencing factors of self-management attitude scores.Exercise,diabetes follow-up and education were the main influencing factors of self-management behavior.The results of mediating effect indicated that self attitude communication played a part of mediating role in the influence of knowledge on behavior.Conclusion The self-management level of patients with type 2 diabetes in Ningxia communities is not optimistic,so it is necessary to increase the publicity of knowledge of self-management and prevention and treatment of diabetes and improve community management.