论卢卡奇对马克思社会本体论的重构

On Lukacs’Reconstruction of Marx’s Social Ontology

马克思的本体论更偏向社会实践还是物质意识?对于这一问题,卢卡奇认为,要理解马克思的本体论必须回到马克思的方法和存在范畴。为了消解逻格斯中心主义引起的思维混乱,消除技术理性对人文科学的侵袭,卢卡奇主张建立社会存在本体论。在继承了马克思的历史辩证法的基础上,卢卡奇对马克思的社会本体论进行了重构,更加强调了社会历史的整体性和统一性,也更加突出了无产阶级意识对于历史进步的作用。卢卡奇的社会存在本体论突出人的价值,努力追求人的自由发展,把人类的解放落脚在培养无产阶级的阶级意识上,强化了马克思主义的人文价值,但也抹杀了革命斗争在社会进步中的作用。

Is Marx’s ontology more biased towards social practice or material consciousness?For this problem,Lukács believes that understanding of Marx’s ontology entails a return to Marx’s method and existence.In order to eliminate the confusion caused by the logicism and eliminate the intrusion of technical rationality into the humanities,Lukács advocates the establishment of social ontology.On the basis of inheriting Marx’s historical dialectics,Lukács reconstructed Marx’s social ontology,emphasized the integrity and unity of social history,and highlighted the role of proletarian consciousness in historical progress.Lukács’s ontology of social existence highlights the value of human beings,strives to pursue the free development of human beings,puts human liberation on the class consciousness of cultivating the proletariat,strengthens the humanistic value of Marxism,and also obliterates the role of revolutionary struggle in the progress of society.