论中国语言测试学的发展

The Development of Language Testing in China

中国语言测试经由40余年发展,已积累了丰富的经验与数据。近年来,各类语言测试有了相互交流的融通意识和行动,若进一步加强合作,有望建起具有中国气派和国际影响的语言测量学。语言测试未来的努力方向有:1.根据语言行为理论,研究语言行为的心理图式,测试人们掌握语言行为的心理图式的水平和“以图行事”的语言行为能力。2.研究近1500种职业所需要的岗位语言能力,在水平测试的基础上发展岗位语言能力测试。3.将信息化成果不断转化为语言测试手段,把语言技术的运用也纳入语言测试视野,同时发展对计算机语言能力的测试。4.我国语言(语文)教师有500万,担负着公民语言能力发展和国家语言能力提升的重大使命,向他们提供语言测试学“给养”,意义重大。语言测试界应将其视为份内之责,在教材编写、师资培育、课程开设等方面贡献心力。

After more than 40 years' development,language testing in China has already accumulated a great deal of experience and data.In recent years,there has been not only awareness but also actual communications between different language testing systems.With closer cooperation,China is expected to establish its own language testing discipline with Chinese style and manner,as well as international influence.In the future,efforts of language testing should be made in the following areas:1.To study the psychological schema of speech act based on the Speech Act Theory,and test how much people can master the psychological schema and how good they can"do things with schema"with their language capacity.2.To study workplace language proficiency required by about 1,500 occupations,and to develop workplace language proficiency tests on the basis of language proficiency tests.3.To transform new achievements of informatization into means of language testing,bring the application of language technology into language testing,and develop tests to assess computer's language proficiency.4.In China,5 million language teachers(including those who teach Chinese to native speakers)are taking on a significant mission to develop citizens'language proficiency and to improve national language capacity.Therefore,it is important to provide them with language testing"sustenance".The academic community should regard the development of language testing as their responsibility,so they are supposed to make contributions to textbook writing,teacher training and curriculum establishment,etc.