农民工过度劳动变动及影响因素分析

The Changes of Migrant Workers’Overwork and Its Influencing Factors

本文基于2007年、2008年、2016年和2017年中国乡城流动人口调查(Rumic)数据,建立农民工过度劳动选择和过度劳动时间方程,对农民工过度劳动在时间上的变动和过度劳动的代际差异进行分解,分析农民工个体和就业特征以及劳动力市场环境对农民工过度劳动变动的影响。研究结果表明农民工个体特征和就业特征的总体变化有助于其过度劳动的缓解;劳动力市场环境的总体变化增加了农民工过度劳动的概率,不利于其过度劳动的缓解。基于2008年新《劳动合同法》实施作用效果的检验表明规范工作时间是缓解农民工群体过度劳动的有效途径。因此,政府部门应注重完善市场规章制度,通过建立更加严格的加班工资制度来限制企业的加班行为,如明确加班工资数额和加班时间限制,使得加班工资随着加班时间的延长而增加等。这不仅可以降低农民工群体过度劳动的概率,而且有助于降低农民工群体过度劳动的程度。

Based on the data from Rural-Urban Migration in China(Rumic)in 2007,2008,2016 and 2017,this paper return the equation of overwork selection and overwork hours of migrant workers,and de⁃compose the change in time and intergenerational difference of migrant workers’overwork based on the re⁃gression results to analyze the influence of individual characteristics,employment characteristics of migrant workers and the labor market environment on the change of migrant workers’overwork.The results show that the overall changes of individual characteristics and employment characteristics of migrant workers are conducive to the alleviation of their overwork.From the perspective of individual characteristics,improving the level of education is helpful to alleviate the overwork of migrant workers.From the perspective of the im⁃pact of employment characteristics,increasing the employment proportion of migrant workers in the state-owned sector,increasing the signing rate of migrant workers’labor contracts,and improving the en⁃joyment rate of basic social insurance will all help alleviate the overwork of migrant workers.The overall changes in the labor market environment increase the probability of migrant workers’overwork,which is not conducive to the alleviation of their overwork.From the perspective of time change,the change of mar⁃ket environment increases the probability of migrant workers’overwork.From the perspective of intergener⁃ational differences,the market environment makes the new generation of migrant workers more likely to overwork than the traditional generation.As the test results that the impact of the new labor contract law in 2008 on the overwork of migrant workers,it is shown that the measure of regulating the working hours and overtime pay is an effective way to alleviate the overwork of migrant workers.Therefore,the government de⁃partment should pay attention to the improvement of the market regulation,limit the work behavior of enter⁃prises by establishing more stringent overtime wage system,such as specify overtime pay and time limit,make wage rates increases with the extension of overwork hours,etc.These measures not only can reduce the probability of migrant workers’overwork,also helps to reduce the extent of migrant workers’overwork.