中立帮助行为的可罚性标准探析

Punishability Standard of Neutral Helping Behavior

限制处罚说始终无法开出解决中立帮助行为可罚性的"良方",症结在于对问题域划定上的含混不清。中立帮助行为理论所要解决的真正问题是:如何在中立帮助行为形式上符合传统帮助犯主客观成立条件的前提下,为其不可罚性寻求一条合理的解释路径。因此存在着两条不同的路径:一是对帮助犯的成立条件进行实质解释,二是排除其违法性。现有理论中客观归责论具有一定的合理性,但应当将其适用范围限制在构成要件层面,并且对"法不容许的危险"这一标准进行细化,从而顺畅的解决中立帮助行为可罚性的判断难题。

The limitation of punishment has always been unable to provide a good solution to the punishability of neutral helping behavior because of it ambiguous problem domain. The real problem solved by the theory of neutral helping behavior is how to find a reasonable explanation for its non-punishability on the premise that the form of neutral helping behavior conforms to the objective and subjective conditions of traditional aider. Giving a substantial explanation to the establishment conditions of abettors and excluding its illegality are two ways. Among the current theories,the objective attribution theory has some rationality,but its application scope should be limited to the level of constitutive elements,and the standard of "danger not allowed by law" should be refined,so as to solve the judgment problem of the punishable nature of neutral helping behavior smoothly.