档案方志所见清代史馆誊录制度研究

A Study of the Scribes in the Qing Dynasty’s Historiographers Institution

史馆誊录,是指在清代修史各馆从事书稿抄录的供事人员。他们非政府部门额设职官,亦非书手、书吏等吏胥之流,属因需临时聘用人员,是清代大规模官方修史的产物。誊录主要从进士、举人、贡监生等人员中经挑选、考取或推举产生。在清代人多缺少、选官壅滞的压力下,誊录以出路较好而吸引了大批士人供职其中,从而有效保障了官方修史的顺利进行,也引发了士人传统职业观念的变迁。

The term"scribe"refers to the officials who were engaged in manuscript transcription in the Qing Dynasty.They were not the officials appointed by the government departments,nor the officials such as calligraphers and copyists.They were hired temporarily because of the need of government and the product of large-scale official history revision in Qing Dynasty.The transcripts are mainly produced by selection,examination or recommendation from the successor of the imperial examinations at all levels.Under the pressure of too many candidates for few jobs in the Qing Dynasty,taking position as scribe attracted a large number of scholars to serve in it,which effectively guaranteed the smooth progress of official history compilation,and also led to the changes of traditional professional concepts of scholars.