民航招飞体检中视网膜周边退行性变性的调查研究

Investigation on peripheral retinal degeneration in civil aviation pilots recruitment

目的:调查民航招飞体检中视网膜周边退行性变性的患病情况,为民航招飞体检鉴定提供数据支持。方法:选取2018-02/2019-05在民航总医院空勤鉴定所眼科进行招飞初检的准飞行学生2450名4900眼为研究对象,复方托吡卡胺滴眼液充分散瞳后按屈光度将其分为三组:低度远视及正视组:等效球镜为+3.00~<-0.50D,共215名;轻度近视组:等效球镜为-0.50~<-3.00D,共1385名;中度近视组:等效球镜为-3.00^-4.50D,共850名。检查视网膜周边退行性变性患病情况,并对检查结果进行统计学分析。结果:所有受检招飞学生中共计575名存在不同类型视网膜周边退行性变性,患病率为23.5%;不同屈光度组视网膜周边退行性变性患病率比较有差异(χ^2=65.386,P<0.01);不同类型视网膜周边退行性变性患病率比较有差异(χ^2=351.276,P<0.01);不同部位视网膜周边退行性变性患病率比较有差异(χ^2=563.712,P<0.01)。结论:视网膜周边退行性变性在民航招飞中并不罕见,随近视程度加深患病率增加,且病变以颞侧周边多见,建议根据不同类型进行针对性鉴定。

AIM:To investigate the prevalence on peripheral retinal degeneration and to provide theoretical support for the medical examination of civil aviation pilots recruitment.METHODS:Two thousand four hundred and fifty prospective flight students(Four thousand nine hundred eyes)who received medical examination in Civil Aviation General Hospital from February 2018 to May 2019 were divided into three groups according to diopter after fully mydriatic with tropicamide phenylephrine eye drops(Group A:+3.00 to<-0.50D,Group B:-0.50 to<-3.00D,Group C:-3.00 to-4.50D).The prevalence of peripheral retinal degeneration in each eye was examined,and the results were statistically analyzed.RESULTS:There were five hundred and seventy five students with different types of peripheral retinal degeneration in 2450 checked students,the prevalence was 23.5%.There was statistical difference in the prevalence of peripheral retinal degeneration in different diopter groups(χ^2=65.386,P<0.01).There was statistical difference in the prevalence of different types of peripheral retinal degeneration(χ^2=351.276,P<0.01).There was statistical difference in the prevalence of peripheral retinal degeneration in different parts(χ^2=563.712,P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Peripheral retinal degeneration is not rare in civil aviation recruitment.The prevalence increases with the progression of myopia,and the lesions are mostly in bitamporal quadrant.It is suggested to identify according to different types.