播种量对不同粒型机插优质杂交籼稻秧苗素质、机插质量及产量的影响

Effect of Seeding Rate on Seedling Quality,Transplanting Quality and Grain Yield of Mechanical Transplanted High-Quality Indica Rice with Different Grain Shape

【目的】为探索机插优质杂交籼稻适宜播种量。【方法】以宜香优2115(大粒型)和晶两优534(小粒型)为材料,设置5个播种量处理(50、60、70、80和90 g/盘),研究播种量对优质杂交籼稻机插秧秧苗素质、机插质量与产量形成的影响。【结果】①随着播种量增加,两个品种的苗高、单株根数、最长根长、茎基粗和成苗率均不同程度降低,但秧盘单位面积秧苗数逐渐增加;②随着播种量增加,两个品种的机插漏插率显著降低,机插合格率、每穴秧苗数、实际栽插穴数和基本苗数均逐渐增加,但伤秧率也呈增加趋势;③随着播种量增加,机插优质杂交籼稻干物质积累量总体呈增加趋势,收获指数却不断降低,产量呈先增加后降低的趋势,且播种量对产量的影响存在一定的品种间差异,大粒型品种宜香优2115在播种量70 g/盘时产量最高,小粒型品种晶两优534在播种量60 g/盘时产量最高。【结论】机插秧适宜的播种量(60~70 g/盘)可在保持较好秧苗素质基础上提高优质杂交籼稻机插质量,并协调产出较大的群体生长量和较高的收获指数,进而获得高产。

【Objective】In order to explore the suitable seeding rate for high-quality hybrid rice.【Method】Five seeding rates(50,60,70,80 and 90 g/tray)were set to study the effects of seeding rate on seedling quality,transplanting quality and yield formation of rice with Yixiangyou2115(large grain type)and Jingliangyou 534(small grain type)were used as materials.【Result】①The seedling height,root number per plant,maximum root length,stem bottom diameter and seedling establishment of the two rice cultivars decreased,but the seedlings per unit area of tray increased with the increase of the seeding rate.②With the increase of seeding rate,the miss planting rate of the two rice cultivars was significantly decreased,the damaged seedling rate,qualified rate,the number of seedlings per hill,the number of planted hills in paddy and number of fundamental seedlings were increased.③With the increase of seeding rate,the dry matter accumulation at the maturity stage increased,and grain yield of rice showed an increase first and then a decrease,while the harvest gradually decreased.Yixiangyou 2115 and Jingliangyou 534 could have the highest grain yield when the seeding rate was 70 g/tray and 60 g/tray,respectively.【Conclusion】The suitable seeding rate(60~70 g/tray)for mechanical transplanted high-quality indica rice could improve the transplanting quality while maintaining the high seedling quality of high-quality indica rice,which could coordinate the production of larger population growth and higher harvest index to achieve high grain yield.