油麦吊云杉天然种群针叶与种实表型性状变异分析

Analysis on the Phenotypic Variation of Needles and Seeds of Picea brachytyla Natural Population

【目的】系统地揭示油麦吊云杉天然种群种实表型性状间的变异差异性,为油麦吊云杉的种质资源收集、遗传保育和合理利用提供科学依据。【方法】采用方差分析、多重比较、相关性分析、聚类分析等统计方法,对4个具有代表性的天然种群13个种实表型性状进行比较分析,研究种群间和种群内表型多样性以及表型性状间变异的相关性。【结果】①通过方差分析与多重比较表明,在种群间,种实性状的平均变异数从大到小依次为:神木垒(20.02%)>正干沟(19.20%)>油房沟(19.16%)>大川(13.70%),神木垒种群变异程度最大,正干沟和油房沟种群间差异性较小,大川种群变异程度最小。种群内,表型性状的平均变异系数从大到小依次为:针叶(19.50%)>球果(15.86%)>种鳞(15.26%)>种翅(13.60%),针叶性状变异最明显,球果和种鳞的变异较小,种翅性状变异程度最小。②从相关性分析中表明,种实表型性状种鳞长、种翅宽、球果宽三者间存在显著正相关关系,在种群内变异起重要作用;其中,种群内多样性变化程度高于种群间,是主要变异。③根据聚类分析,4个种群的13个表型性状可分为3类,第一类为油房沟与神木垒,种群的球果质量较大,针叶饱满厚实,均值较高,种鳞、种翅呈短窄型;第二类为大川,球果呈狭长扁短型,种鳞、种翅较大、针叶呈短窄型;第三类为正干沟,种鳞、种翅变化不稳定,球果质量最小,且分布海拔为最高。【结论】油麦吊云杉种实表型性状在种群间和种群内都存在明显的差异性变化。

【Objective】To reveal the genetic variation patterns of phenotypic traits in natural populations of Picea brachytyla.It provides scientific basis for germplasm collection,genetic conservation and rational utilization of Picea brachytyla.【Method】According to Variance Analysis,Multiple Comparison,Correlation Analysis and Cluster Analysis to analyze 13 phenotypic traits of 4 representative natural populations,to study correlations between phenotypic diversity and phenotypic variation among populations.【Result】①The results of Variance Analysis and Multiple Comparison showed that the average variation of seed characters from big to small:SML(20.02%)>ZGG(19.20%)>YFG(19.16%)>DC(13.70%).SML had the greatest degree of variation,the difference between ZGG and YFG had stable difference,DC had the least.Within the population,the average variation of phenotypic traits was in the order:conifer(19.50%),cones(15.86%),seed scales(15.26%),and species wings(13.60%).The variation of needles traits was obvious,cones and seed scales were stable,but the variation of species wings was not significant.②From Correlation Analysis,there is a significant positive correlation between phenotypic traits,seed length,wing width and cone breadth,and seed scales,seed wings and cones play an important role in the variation within populations.Variation within populations is the main variation,and the degree of diversity is higher than that among populations.③According to Cluster Analysis,13 phenotypic characters of the four populations can be divided into three categories.The first category is YFG and SML.The cone mass of the population is large,the needles are full and thick,the mean value is high,and the length and width of the seed scales and wings are short and narrow;The second category is DC,cone is narrow and flat,seed scales and wings are relatively large,and the needles are short and narrow;The third category is ZGG,the scales and wings were relatively high,and the cones were of the lowest mass and the highest elevation was distributed.【Conclusion】The phenotypic traits of Picea brachytyla var.Picea were different among populations.