家庭规模、社会支持、健康状况对农村老年女性主观幸福感的影响研究

Research on the Influence of Family Size,Social Support,Health Status on the Subjective Well-being of Rural Elderly Women

社会经济发展使农村家庭呈现出规模小型化、结构核心化、居住离散化的趋势,农村家庭养老功能随之弱化,农村老年人口特别是农村老年女性的主观幸福感呈现下降趋势。文章应用2015年CGSS调查数据和结构方程模型研究了家庭规模、社会支持和健康状况对农村老年女性主观幸福感的影响机制,结果表明,家庭规模通过影响社会支持对农村老年女性主观幸福感产生间接效应;社会支持对农村老年女性主观幸福感具有直接影响,表现为社会支持力度越大,农村老年女性主观幸福感越高,同时社会支持还通过影响健康状况对农村老年女性主观幸福感产生间接效应;健康状况对农村老年女性主观幸福感既具有直接影响又具有间接影响,直接影响表现为健康状况越好,主观幸福感越高,间接影响表现为通过影响家庭规模间接影响农村老年女性主观幸福感。

Social and economic development in China caused rural families into much smaller size,more compact struc⁃ture and more discrete residence,as a result the aging care function of rural families are gradually weakened,resulting in a downward trend in the subjective well-being of the rural elderly population,especially rural elderly women.In this paper,the structural equation model is used to study the influencing mechanism of family size,social support and health status on the subjective well-being of rural elderly women.The results show that family size has an indirect effect on the subjective well-being of rural elderly women through social support;Social support has a direct impact on the subjective well-being of rural elderly women.The greater the social support,the higher the subjective well-being of rural elderly women.At the same time,social support also has an indirect effect on the subjective well-being of rural elderly women by affecting their health status.The health condition of rural elderly women also has both direct and indirect effects.The direct effect shows that the better the health status,the higher the subjective well-being of rural elderly women,and the indirect effect shows that the indirect effect of the subjective well-being of rural elderly women by affecting family size.