嵌入性视角下社区居委会在邻避问题治理中的双重角色与行为逻辑——以S市Y事件为例

The Dual Roles and Behavioral Logic of the Community Neighborhood Committee in NIMBY Governance from the Perspective of Embeddedness——Take Y Event in S City as an Example

邻避问题伴随着中国城市转型发展在各地不断涌现,影响着社会的稳定和城市的发展。既有研究多聚焦于地方政府在邻避问题治理中的核心作用,忽视了邻避事件中社区方、项目承建方等其他重要行为主体对邻避问题治理的影响。作为居民邻避诉求的一线处理主体,社区居委会在邻避问题治理中的作用至关重要。但是,社区居委会"群众性自治组织"和"基层准行政组织"的双重角色属性要求其在邻避问题治理中,要同时应对社区居民的邻避诉求和上级政府的维稳压力,这制约着社区居委会参与邻避问题治理的效力。研究以S市地铁修建引发的Y事件为实证案例,从嵌入性视角对社区居委会在邻避问题治理中的参与行为进行解释,发现社会网络嵌入影响着居委会在邻避事件不同阶段的角色选择和参与策略。为了进一步发挥社区居委会在邻避问题治理中的积极作用,需要将社会网络嵌入保持在适当强度,推动社会网络嵌入由"单向度"向"双向度"转变,构建地方政府和社区居委会在邻避问题治理机制中的"协作"关系,促进社区居委会的"自主性"发展。

NIMBY has been emerging along with China’s urban transformation and development,affecting the social stability and urban development.Existing NIMBY governance studies mostly take a "government-focus",ignoring the roles of community actors,project contractors and other important actors.The Community neighborhood committee faces residents’ appeals in the front line,and it plays an important role in NIMBY governance.However,the community neighborhood committee has the dual roles of "mass autonomous organizations" and "grassroots quasi-administrative organizations".In NIMBY governance,the community neighborhood committee must simultaneously deal with the demands of community residents and the pressure from the local government to maintain stability,which restricts the effectiveness of the community neighborhood committee’s participation.This paper takes Y event caused by subway construction in S city as an empirical case,and explains the participation behaviors of the community neighborhood committee in NIMBY governance from the perspective of embeddedness.It finds that,the social network embeddedness affects the role selection and participation strategy of the community neighborhood committee at different stages of the event.In order to take greater effects of the community neighborhood committee in NIMBY governance,the degree of the social network embeddedness needs to be maintained at an appropriate level,and the direction of the embeddedness should be transferred from "unidirectional" to "bidirectional".The appropriate social embeddedness is good for building a collaborative development relationship between the local government and the community neighborhood committee,and promoting the development of "autonomy" of the neighborhood committee in embeddedness.