度尾文旦柚叶片矿质元素含量的适宜值

Optimum Content of Mineral Elements in the Leaves of Duweiwendan Pomelo(Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck.cv.Duweiwendan)

【目的】构建‘度尾文旦柚’(Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck.cv.Duweiwendan)叶片矿质营养元素的诊断系统,推演矿质营养平衡诊断体系(BDRIS)共享优化方法。【方法】2016-2018年于产区仙游县选择有代表性且分属于不同管理者的果园20个,采集200个单株叶样及其8660个单果样,另外采集同叶腋着生的48对孪生异形果(H-FSI正常果与L-FSI裂顶果)果皮;测试叶片与果皮的N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、B、Mo、S元素,果实的内、外观品质与果顶裂宽;并基于果实可溶性固形物(TSS)与平均裂宽指数(FCAI)差异,构建主要矿质元素BDRIS诊断体系,及其微量元素临界值诊断标准。【结果】由TSS差异分析,富N、P、K与缺Mo显著降低果实TSS。由FCAI12差异分析,除疑似B过量(>177 mg·kg^-1)则显著加剧裂果外,其他矿质元素未见与果实裂顶存在显著的因果关系,但未获得B毒导致裂果的直接证据;另外,孪生异形果果皮元素的成对比较分析,也未见显著差异。经检验筛选建模样本的N、P、K、Ca、Mg元素分布满足BDRIS建模要求P(Normal)≥0.12;据构建BDRIS获得:树龄与BDRIS指数极显著负相关,与果实TSS显著正相关,即随树龄增长,树体矿质营养越趋向营养均衡原点,果实品质越佳,其赋予“老树果甜”果树栽培常识新阐释;BDRIS与FCAI12相关性不显著;由相关法筛查,仅当K处于病态过量时才具备果皮增厚减轻裂果可能,对生产矫治裂果无实际意义。建议叶片矿质元素临界值诊断标准“元素(<缺乏;适宜下限-适宜上限;>过量)”:N(<2.29%;2.41%-2.87%;>2.99%)、P(<0.09%;0.10%-0.14%;>0.15%)、K(<1.17%;1.39%-2.24%;>2.46%)、Ca(<1.74%;2.26%-4.21%;>4.72%)、Mg(<0.20%;0.24%-0.41%;>0.46%)、Cu(<4 mg·kg^-1;6-25 mg·kg^-1;>30 mg·kg^-1)、Zn(24-40 mg·kg^-1)、Fe(60-140 mg·kg^-1)、Mn(25-140 mg·kg^-1)、B(<15 mg·kg^-1;30-65 mg·kg^-1;>150 mg·kg^-1)、Mo(<0.05 mg·kg^-1;0.1-1.0 mg·kg^-1)、S(0.2%-0.4%)。研究提供BDIRS诊断参数Mean、Std、r的共享优化算法,有效拓展BDIRS应用范畴。【结论】以丰产、优质群体为样本,建立度尾文旦柚主要矿质营养元素平衡诊断BDSIS体系,及其微量元素临界值标准;在本研究样例内,度尾文旦柚果实裂顶与植株矿质营养未发现有显著关联。

【Objective】The aim of this study was to research and construct a diagnosis system for mineral nutrients in the leaves of Duweiwendan Pomelo(Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck.cv.Duweiwendan),so as to deduce a shared optimization method for the mineral nutrition balance diagnosis and recommendation integrated system(BDRIS).【Method】From 2016 to 2018,20 representative orchards with different managers were selected in the production area of Xianyou county in Fujian Province.200 individual leaf samples and 8660 single fruit samples were collected,and 48 pairs of heteromorphic fruits(H-FSI normal fruit and L-FSI cracking fruit)with the same axillary growth were collected,and the contents of N,P,K,CA,Mg,Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn,B,Mo and S elements in leaves and pericarps were measured.The internal and external quality of fruits and the width of top crack were also measured.Based on the difference between the total soluble solids(TSS)and the crack average index(FCAI)of the fruit,a BDRIS diagnosis system for major mineral elements and a diagnostic criterion for critical values of trace elements were constructed【.Result】According to the difference analysis of TSS,rich N,P,K and lack of Mo significantly reduced TSS.According to the FCAI12 difference analysis,except that the suspected B toxicity excess(>177 mg·kg^-1)significantly increased the fruit cracking,no significant causal relationship was found between other mineral elements and the fruit cracking,but no evidence of fruit cracking caused by B toxin was found;in addition,no significant difference was found in the paired comparative analysis of the elements in pericarp of twin shaped fruit.The distribution of N,P,K,CA,and Mg elements in the selected samples met the requirements of BDRIS modeling,P(normal)≥0.12.According to BDRIS construction,it was found that the tree age was significantly negatively correlated with BDRIS index,and significantly positively correlated with TSS,that is to say,with the growth of tree age,the mineral nutrition of tree body tended to the origin of nutrition balance,and the fruit quality was also better,which gave a new explanation of the common sense of fruit tree cultivation that“the older the tree is,the sweeter the fruit will be”.BDRIS had no significant correlation with FCAI12;by correlation method,only when K was in morbid excess could thicken the peel,so as to reduce the cracking,which had no practical significance in correcting fruit cracking in production.It was suggested that the diagnostic standard of critical value of mineral elements in leaves should be“elements(<lack;minimum-maximum;>over)”:N(<2.29%;2.41%-2.87%;>2.99%),P(<0.09%;0.10%-0.14%;>0.15%),K(<1.17%;1.39%-2.24%;>2.46%),Ca(<1.74%;2.26%-4.21%;>4.72%),Mg(<0.20%;0.24%-0.41%;>0.46%),Cu(<4 mg·kg^-1;6-25 mg·kg^-1;>30 mg·kg^-1),Zn(24-40 mg·kg^-1),Fe(60^-140 mg·kg^-1),Mn(25^-140 mg·kg^-1),B(<15 mg·kg^-1;30-65 mg·kg^-1;>150 mg·kg^-1),Mo(<0.05 mg·kg^-1;0.1^-1.0 mg·kg^-1),and S(0.2%-0.4%).The shared optimization algorithm of BDRIS diagnosis parameters Mean,Std and r was provided to effectively expand the application scope of BDRIS.【Conclusion】In this study,the BDRIS diagnosis system for major mineral elements and the diagnostic criterion for critical values of trace elements were established based on the high-yield and high-quality population.In addition,there was no significant correlation between fruit cracking and the plant mineral nutrition.