2019-2020年冬春季武汉儿童医院收治流感和新型冠状病毒肺炎患儿的流行病学特点

Epidemic trend of influenza and COVID-19 in children from 2019 winter to 2020 spring:a cross-sectional analysis in Wuhan Children’s Hospital

目的对2019-2020年冬春季节武汉儿童医院收治流感病毒和新型冠状病毒(Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus,SARS-CoV-2)感染患儿的流行病学发病特征进行统计分析,为科学防控及高效决策提供依据。方法以武汉儿童医院冬春季(2019年11月1日-2020年2月29日)收治诊疗的流感样、流感确诊、新冠样和新冠确诊病例为研究对象,对年龄、性别、确诊日期、地区的病例数及比例进行统计分析。结果在统计期内,流感样病例报告共44038例,男生总发病例数高于女生,各年龄段不同性别间的流感样患儿发病例数差异具有统计学意义(χ^2=40.990,P<0.001),不同年龄段以6岁~段患儿为主;流感确诊病例报告7311例,甲流确诊患儿占77.8%,高于乙流22.2%,差异具有统计学意义(χ^2=40.172,P=0.001);甲、乙流确诊患儿均以6岁~段为主,各年龄段不同性别间的乙流确诊患儿例数间差异具有统计学意义,男生高于女生(χ^2=15.009,P=0.010)。同期,新冠样病例(含疑似及确诊病例)报告482例,以29天~1岁患儿为主;新冠确诊病例报告221例,以6岁~段患儿为主,但各年龄段不同性别的新冠样或新冠确诊患儿发病例数间差异均无统计学意义。在地区分布方面,新冠确诊病例分布占比最高的五个辖区依次为为洪山区、汉阳区、江岸区、硚口区、武昌区。结论流感样患儿以6岁~段儿童为最高发人群,且男生的易感性高于女生;当前不同年龄段儿童流感防控的主要型别为甲流;各年龄段不同性别的儿童对SARS-CoV-2普遍易感,6岁~段儿童在流感确诊及新冠确诊患儿中占比均为最高;在城市防控方面,应加强高密度人口区域的儿童新冠传染防控。

OBJECTIVE To study the epidemiological characteristics of influenza(A&B)and SARS-CoV-2 infection in children from 2019 winter to 2020 spring in Wuhan Children’s Hospital,and to provide data support for scientific prevention and efficient decision-making.METHODS We collected the data of suspected and confirmed cases of influenza and Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)from Wuhan Children Hospital during 11/1/2019 to 2/29/2020 and analyzed the case distributions by age groups,genders,date of diagnosis and regions.RESULTS We enrolled 44038 influenza-like cases,and the total number of male cases(accounted for 56.39%)were significantly higher than that of female(accounted for 43.61%)(χ^2=40.990,P<0.001).The proportion of children at the age of 6 to 10 years old were the largest in all age groups.All of 7311 confirmed influenza cases included 77.8%influenza A cases,which was significantly higher than the influenza B cases with the ratio of 22.2%.The difference between them was statistical significant(χ^2=40.172,P<0.001).Most influenza A(37.97%)and B(25.39%)cases were found in children aged 6-10 years old.And the number of confirmed influenza B cases among different gender and age groups were significantly different;and male cases were significantly more than female cases(χ^2=15.009,P=0.010).In the meanwhile,we collected 482 COVID-19-like cases(including suspected and confirmed cases)from the hospital.Children aged from 29 days to 1 year-old accounted for the largest proportion.The majority of 221 confirmed cases were children aged 6-10 year-old(39.60%),but the number of cases in different ages was not significant.The top five distribution regions of confirmed COVID-19 cases were Hongshan district(16.29%),Hanyang district(12.67%),Jiangan District(11.76%),Qiaokou district(9.95%)and Wuchang district(9.05%).CONCLUSION The number of influenza-like cases in children aged 6-10 year-old was the highest,and the incidence of the infection in males is higher than that in females.The current focus of the prevention and control in children is still influenza A.Children in different ages and genders were generally susceptible to the SARS-CoV-2 infection.And children at the age of 6 to 10 years old were the main population in influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 infection.Effective measures should be taken in urban areas with high population density to prevent the infection of SARS-CoV-2.