论介入——一个思想史与批评史的考察

On Commitment:An Investigation of the History of Thought and the History of Literary Criticism

介入原先为现象学—存在主义关于人的生存结构分析中的一个概念,萨特赋予其社会政治内涵,把它运用于文学理论与文学批评中,成为西方马克思主义文学批评中的一个重要概念。但是,萨特所说的文学介入低估了20世纪语言转向所带来的对语言形式建构功能的认知,割裂了政治内容与文学形式之间的联系,引起了复杂的论争。关于介入的讨论经历了从哲学领域到文学领域,由政治、伦理含义到形式、文化含义的转变,从一个侧面体现了西方马克思主义包括文学理论把其他思潮与马克思主义进行嫁接的概念创制方式与思维特征,其演化与流变也显示了这个概念的生长性与生命力。

Commitment used to be a phenomenological-existential concept in the analysis of human existence structure,which was endowed with social and political connotations by Jean-Paul Sartre to literary theory and literary criticism,becoming an important concept in Western Marxist literary criticism.However,Sartre’s literary commitment underestimates the cognition on the constructive function of linguistic form brought by the linguistic turn in the twentieth century,separating the connection between political content and literary form,which causes complicated arguments.The discussions on commitment shift from philosophy to literature,from political and ethical meanings to formal and cultural meanings,which exemplifies the way of concept invention and the feature of thinking of Western Marxism and literary theory to combine other trends of thought with Marxism.These evolutions also indicate this concept’s capability of development and vitality.