论命名行为的不可靠性——以刘劭《人物志》为中心

On the Fallibility of Evaluating Personages by Standards——Centering on Records of Personages

刘劭的《人物志》不仅涉及人物识鉴的理论、技术环节,而且以“隐性”的方式表达了对识人定名这一行为的谨慎态度。纵使识鉴者可以尽量收集各方面信息,也很难将一个人如实、原本地呈现于一个名号中。人的个性、特征常常以非主题化、非形式化的方式透显,它更需要识鉴者直接参与人物识鉴活动,获得最源本的经验和观感,引发自身洞察力和拿捏水准的高效运作。这都不能靠度量指标来完成。就此来说,人才选拔的“一刀切”虽然方便,却往往遗漏掉人最生动、鲜活的一面,以预先设置的名(标准)裁剪了内容丰富的实。

Records of Personages,written by Liu Shao,not only expounds the theory and method of selecting personages,but also covertly expresses a cautious attitude to evaluating personages by standards.Although the reviewer could try to collect all kinds of information,it’s hard to present a man into a model for him.Personalities and characters often manifest themselves in an informalized way,which needs the reviewer to participate in evaluation directly and get the most original experience and impressions because that could trigger the reviewer’s insightful judgement.One’s talents and characters couldn’t be measured by rigid index.Therefore,although it’s convenient to select talents by using the same standard,it could possibly miss the chance to contact with the most vivid aspect,that is,to tailor the rich reality by the presupposed standard.