过敏性鼻炎流行病学调查及其与合并支气管哮喘的相关性

Epidemiological investigation of allergic rhinitis and the correlation between it combined with bronchial asthma

目的调查过敏性鼻炎(AR)临床特征、过敏因素等流行病学特征,探讨其与合并支气管哮喘(BA)的相关性。方法选取2015年1月至2019年1月收治的187例过敏性鼻炎患者为研究对象,采用变应源皮肤点刺试验和相关指南确诊AR与BA疾病,通过调查问卷收集受试者社会学一般资料和临床资料,分析受试者鼻部与眼部症状、过敏源情况、复发周期情况,通过Pearson相关性软件分析AR合并BA的相关性。结果患者鼻部症状为打喷嚏(40.11%)、鼻痒(26.74%)、流鼻涕(21.39%),眼部症状为眼痒(50.27%),其他症状为乏力(33.16%)、嗜睡(27.27%),过敏源以尘螨(26.20%)、棉絮(20.86%)、蒿属花粉(14.97%)、海虾(12.83%)、海蟹(20.32%),复发周期为4~8月份的植物絮状物和花粉释放高峰期出现。Pearson相关性分析显示,AR与BA疾病存在正向中度相关性(P<0.05)。结论AR疾病患者易出现打喷嚏、鼻痒、眼痒等刺激性症状,以鼻部和眼部不适症状影响的嗜睡、乏力为主,且大部分患者以尘螨、棉絮、海蟹、蒿属花粉、海虾为过敏源,且春季和秋季为过敏高峰期,护理人员应针对患者疾病特点制定相应护理措施,避免反复AR疾病症状引发BA或症状加重。

Objective To investigate the clinical features of allergic rhinitis(AR),allergic factors and other epidemiological features,and explore the correlation between it combined with bronchial asthma(BA).Methods We selected 187 cases of patients with allergic rhinitis who were admitted from January 2015 to January 2019 as the study objects,and the allergic skin prick test and related guidelines were used to diagnose AR and BA diseases.The sociology general data and clinical data of subjects were collected through questionnaires to analyze the subjects'nose and eye symptoms,allergens status,and recurrence cycles status,and analyze the correlation between AR and BA through Pearson correlation software.Results The patient's nasal symptoms were sneezing(40.11%),nasal itching(26.74%),and runny nose(21.39%),the eye symptoms were itchy(50.27%),and other symptoms were fatigue(33.16%)and lethargy(27.27%).The allergens were dust mites(26.20%),cotton wool(20.86%),artemisia pollen(14.97%),sea shrimps(12.83%),and sea crabs(20.32%),and the recurrence cycle is from April to August when the peak of plant flocs and pollen release occurs.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the AR and BA disease had a positive and moderate correlation(P<0.05).Conclusion Patients with AR disease were prone to sneezing,nasal itching,eye itching and other irritating symptoms,mainly caused by nasal and eye discomfort symptoms,such as sleepiness and fatigue,and most patients had dust mites,cotton wool,sea crabs,artemisia pollen and sea shrimps as allergens.In addition,spring and autumn were the peak periods of allergies.Nursing staff should formulate corresponding nursing measures based on the characteristics of the patient's disease to avoid repeated AR disease symptoms causing BA or symptoms aggravating.