家庭养老和社会养老的比较研究

A Comparative Study of Family and Social Pension

随着人口老龄化的加深,我国养老问题日益突出。传统家庭养老模式的弊端日渐凸显,而社会养老模式逐步被接受。究竟哪一种养老模式更能满足人们日益增长的需求?哪一种模式更能体现代际公平?本文基于OLG跨期迭代模型,将代表性行为人的一生分为少年期、工作期和老年期,通过量化行为人在两种养老模式下一生的不同效用;利用对数函数构建效用比较模型对比了该行为人在两种养老模式下的效用,有效减少了待估参数。计算发现:二孩政策下,采用社会养老模式,代表性行为人的效用更优,降低个人缴费率使得社会养老模式的优势更加明显。

With the deepening of population aging,the problem of providing for the aged in our country has become increasingly prominent.The drawbacks of the traditional family pension model are increasingly prominent,while the social pension model is gradually accepted.Which pension model can better meet people's growing needs?Which model better reflects intergenerational equity?Based on the OLG model,this paper divides the life of a representative actor into adolescence,work and old age,quantifies the different utility of the actor in the two pension modes,and constructs a utility comparison model by using logarithmic function to compare the utility of the actor in the two pension modes,which effectively reduces the estimated parameters.It is found that under the two-child policy,for the representative actors,the social pension model is more effective,and the advantages of the social pension model are more obvious by reducing the individual contribution rate.