自杀率变化趋势的性别特征及自杀方式影响的研究进展

Research progress on the gender characteristics of suicide rate trends and the influence of suicide method on the trend

本综述的目的是整体了解全球多国自杀率波动情况,分析自杀率趋势的性别特征,探讨自杀方式对自杀率变动趋势的影响,并推测我国自杀率变动的原因。近二十年来,包括我国在内的大多数国家的自杀率下降,南非等国的自杀率变化趋势基本平稳,而英国、美国、巴西等少数国家的自杀率上升。自杀率的变化趋势存在性别差异,也受到自杀方式的构成和致死性变化的影响。我国自杀率下降主要在于女性自杀率下降和最常见的服农药自杀的减少。

This review aims to comprehensively investigate the fluctuating trends of suicide rate in several countries around the world,analyze the gender characteristics of the suicide rate trend,discuss the influence of suicide method related influencing factors on the trend of suicide rate,and surmise the causes of suicide rate change in China.Over the past two decades,suicide rates have declined in most countries,including China,remained stable in countries such as South Africa,and increased in a few countries such as Britain,the United States and Brazil.Suicide rate trends have gender differences,and are also affected by the changes in the composition and lethality of suicide methods.The decline in suicide rate in China is mainly related to the reduction in both female suicides and pesticide suicides.