泸州市中小学生近视流行病学调查及相关因素分析

Epidemiological investigation of myopia and analysis of its related factors in primary and secondary school students in Luzhou, China

目的:了解泸州市中小学生近视患病现况及相关影响因素,为加强泸州市中小学生近视防控工作提供依据。方法:采用横断面研究,于2018年6月至10月对泸州市四县三区共3 143名中小学生进行视力抽查和问卷调查,所得数据进行单因素方差分析。结果:①总的近视患病率为51.1%,其中男生近视患病率47.5%,女生近视患病率54.5%,小学生近视患病率40.3%,初中生近视患病率60.8%,高中生近视患病率85.4%,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。②父母至少一方近视、每天近距离用眼时间> 5 h、每周用电子设备时间>5 h、每周上家教或辅导班时间> 5 h等是近视最紧密的危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。多因素回归分析结果显示,父母至少一方有近视、每天近距离用眼时间(> 5 h)、偶尔或经常躺在床上看书为近视发生的独立危险因素。结论:泸州市中小学生近视患病率为51.1%,近视发病率较高,提示政府、学校、医院和家长都应重视起来,共同加强对近视不良影响因素的控制,改善泸州市中小学生的视力状况。

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of myopia and its related factors in primary and secondary school students in Luzhou, China, and to provide a basis for strengthening the prevention and control of myopia in these students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in June to October 2018, and a total of 3 143 primary and secondary school students in the four counties and three districts of Luzhou were selected for examination of visual acuity and questionnaire survey. The obtained data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance. Results: The overall prevalence of myopia was 51.1%;the prevalence of myopia was 47.5% in boys and 54.5% in girls;the prevalence of myopia was 40.3% in primary schools, 60.8% in junior high schools, and 85.4% in senior high schools, with a significant difference between them(P < 0.05). The highest risk factors for myopia included at least one parent with myopia, daily use of eyes at close range for more than 5 hours, weekly use of electronic devices for more than 5 hours, and weekly tutoring or remedial classes for more than 5 hours(P < 0.05). The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that at least one parent with myopia, daily use of eyes at close range for more than 5 hours, and occasionally or often reading in bed were independent risk factors for myopia. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of myopia in primary and secondary school students in Luzhou was as high as 51.1%. It indicates that the government, schools, hospitals, and parents should all pay attention to strengthen the control of risk factors for myopia, so as to improve the visual status of primary and secondary school students in Luzhou.