职业院校1+X证书制度:实践困境与建设策略

Construction Strategies and Practical Difficulties of 1+X Certificate System in Vocational Schools

职业院校1+X证书制度建设是深化复合型技术技能人才培养模式改革的一项重要举措,对拓展学生的就业创业本领、缓解就业结构性矛盾具有重要意义。然而,目前部分试点院校在职业技能等级证书和学历证书的作用等方面还存在许多认识误区,面临着制度建设成本"谁来付"、专业课程内容"谁来定"、技术技能课程"谁来教"、技能等级证书"谁来发"等具体问题。推进1+X证书制度建设进程,需要社会形成共识,推进合作治理,完善顶层设计,制定技术路线,落实主体责任。

The construction of 1+X certificate system in vocational schools is an important measure to deepen the reform of training mode for compound technical talents, which also can effectively expand students’ ability of employment and entrepreneurship and alleviate the structural contradictions of employment. However, there are many misconceptions in some experimental schools, such as the role of vocational skill level certificates and academic certificates. It is also facing some problems, such as who will pay the system construction cost, who decides course content, who will teach technical skills, who will issue skill level certificate. To promote the construction process of 1+X certificate system, some countermeasures should be taken, such as forming social consensus, implementing cooperative governance, carrying out top-level design, perfecting technical route and implementing responsibilities.