花生栽培措施消减土壤紧实胁迫危害研究现状与展望

Research Advances and Perspective of Peanut Cultivation Measures for Reducing the Harm of Soil Compaction Stress

土壤紧实胁迫阻碍花生根系向深层土壤下扎及荚果的膨大,影响花生的生长发育,造成花生减产和品质下降。合理的田间栽培措施,能够改善土壤紧实度状况,促进花生根系生长、荚果发育及产量品质形成,有效消减土壤紧实胁迫的危害。本文通过综合分析总结土壤紧实变化对土壤肥力及花生生长发育的影响,阐明造成花生田土壤紧实胁迫的主要因素,并从科学耕作、肥水管理、施用调理(节)剂、改进农机具、地膜与秸秆覆盖、优化种植模式与秸秆还田、选用抗紧实品种等方面系统阐述消减土壤紧实的栽培措施。在此基础上对土壤紧实胁迫变化未来研究进行展望,提出需在花生品种选育、土壤综合改良、农艺农机融合3个方面深入开展研究,这将对花生绿色、高效、优质生产具有重要意义。

Soil compaction stress inhibited the peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)root growing into deep soil layer and pod expansion,which exerted harm effects on peanut growth and decreased the peanut yield and quality.Reasonable field cultivation measures can improve soil compaction status,promote peanut root growth,pod development and formations of yield and quality,and reduce the harm of soil compaction stress effectively.The present study summarized and analyzed the influence of soil compaction change on soil fertility and peanut growth,clarified the main factors that causing soil compaction in peanut field.The cultivation measures for reducing soil compaction were expounded systematically from various aspects of scientific tillage,fertilizer and water management,conditioning(regulator)agent application,agricultural machinery improvement,coverage of plastic film and straw mulching,optimized plant mode and scientific straw returning,and variety selection.At last,the research perspective for future research on soil compaction stress were proposed by focusing on peanut variety selection and breeding,soil comprehensive improvement,integration of agronomy and agricultural machinery,which would be meaningful for the green,efficient and high quality production of peanut.