西方“恐俄症”:从历史心理到政治心理

The Russophobia of the West:From Historical Psychology to Political Psychology

“恐俄症”是长期存在于西方社会的历史现象和心理状态,受到宗教、文化、政治、历史等多种因素的影响,并且不断发展变化。在中世纪,欧洲“恐俄症”的核心问题是宗教分歧。近代以来,西方以文明作为标尺来审视专制主义制度下的俄罗斯。19世纪以来,随着俄罗斯帝国的强大,西方的“恐俄症”越来越呈现出强烈的政治色彩,逐渐由宗教问题、文化问题演变为政治问题。“恐俄症”既是欧洲自我认同的一把量尺,也是俄国人审视自己的一面镜子。近年来,随着俄罗斯与西方国家关系趋于紧张,西方媒体对俄罗斯国家及民众的负面形象报道极为频繁,俄罗斯领导人以及政府官员也多次公开表示西方存在着“恐俄症”。“恐俄症”的存在显示了西方世界的对俄态度,它是俄罗斯与西方关系中的更深沉的影响因素。

The Russophobia is a historicaland psychological phenomenon that has existed in Western society for a long time.It is affected by many factors such as religion,culture,politics,and history,and is constantly changing.In the Middle Ages,the core issue of Russophobia is religious differences.In modern times,the West uses civilization as a yardstick to examine the authoritarian Russia.Since the 19th century,with the rising of the Russian empire,the Russophobia of the West manifests strong political color,gradually evolving from religious and cultural issues to political issues.The Russophobia is not only a measure of European self-identification,but also a mirror for Russians to examine themselves.In recent years,as the relations between Russia and the Western countries become tense,Western media reports on the negative images of Russia and its people are extremely frequent.Russian leaders and government officials have also publicly stated on many occasions that there is a Russophobia in the West.The existence of Russophobia shows the attitude of the Western world towards Russia,and it is a deeper influencing factor in the relations between the two sides.