健康的追求与体育的坚守:学校体育“健康第一”的人文价值参照与审视

Pursuit of Health and Insistence of Physical Education:Humanistic Value Reference and Examination of“Health first”in School Physical Education

"健康第一"作为我国学校体育的指导思想或核心理念,一方面凸显学校体育对健康的关注和追求,另一方面也面临系列理论和实践问题。如更多强调健康追求与(学校)体育人文价值的统一性,而其不同取向或相悖则相对被忽略,在某种程度造成健康追求对体育及其人文价值实质的僭越和排斥。基于相关问题的反思,对我国学校体育"健康第一"及相关理论予以修正、补充、丰富及价值再定位。主要通过哲学思辨和伦理学价值分析,认为:(1)理论上,学校体育健康追求指向生物—科学理性而缺乏人文价值,由此而提出生物—科学体育观,其重要扩展为健康的3个维度(生物、心理和社会),并与人文体育观相对;(2)实践中,学校体育健康追求下,人文价值的介入面临诸多困境,如学校体育主要与体质—健身—科学关联而人文价值式微,体育相关人文价值概念(体育道德等)呈现"健康化"和去价值化,以及健康追求与体育人文价值并非必然兼容;(3)以体育人文价值为实质的体育"育化"模式与健康模式及追求具有不同的逻辑。其中,尚武精神作为学校体育人文价值的基点或内核,应对其引入中西(体育)文化及重释。综上,学校体育"健康第一"的展开需要在生物—科学理性与体育人文价值之间保持合理的张力,以及应警惕对健康的强调和追求造成对体育人文价值(及至体育)的碾压和矮化,这实则为学校体育在健康追求下对其人文价值实质的坚守。此外,针对相关问题,也提出若干启示和应对。

"Health First"is the guiding ideology or core concept of school physical education in China.On the one hand,it highlights the concern and pursuit of health in school physical education.On the other hand,it also faces a series of theoretical and practical issue.For example,more emphasis on the unity of health pursuit and humanistic-value of school physical education,but their different orientations and conflicts are relatively neglected.To some extent,it causes the pursuit of health arrogate and reject the humanistic value of physical education.Based on the reflection of the related questions,this article will revise,supplement,enrich and reposition the value of"Health First"and related theories of school physical education in China.It is mainly through philosophical speculation and analysis of ethical value:the health pursuit of school physical education points to bio-scientific rationality in theory,but lacks humanistic value.From this,the author puts forward the view of bio-science physical,which is extended into three dimensions of health(biological,psychological and social)and is opposite to the humanistic sports view.In practice,under the pursuit of health in school physical education,the intervention of humanistic value faces many difficulties:school physical education is mainly related to physique,fitness and science,but the humanistic value is declining,sport-related humanistic values present a tendency to"health"and"de-valuation",and the pursuit of health and humanistic value are not necessarily compatible.The physical"nurture"mode which takes the humanistic value of physical education as essential contents and the pursuit of health mode have different logic.As the basis or core of humanistic value of school physical education,militarism should be introduced into Chinese and western(sports)culture and reinterpreted.Therefore,we pointed out that the development of"health first"in school physical education needs to maintain a reasonable tension between the bio-scientific rationality and the humanistic value,and the emphasis and pursuit of health should be careful to cause the compaction and degradation of the humanistic value of physical education(and even sports).In fact,it embodies physical education stick to it’s humanistic value under the background of health pursuit.Besides,in view of the related problems,the paper also puts forward some enlightenment and countermeasures.